Crime Mapping Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Crime Mapping - Research Proposal ExampleExamination of the waver data dodge confirms occurrence within broken windows the same as the system of entry, signifying that possibly residences are being beleaguered. This implies geographical patterns ought to follow regions of higher family density, moreover temporal patterns are supposed to follow daytime by day as well as weekly practices. This will be analyzed inside this analysis.Thematic ChoroplethThe disturbance data is plotted by means of a thematic choropleth so as to overcome the drawbacks of simplistic point plots.Derived from the prevalent system of entry which is broken windows, we suppose disturbance crime is powerfully associated with construct density for this reason we choose to control the crime data through dividing by number of households sort of of dividing by tract area. During this matter we have regulated the ranges to emphasize a smaller number of precedency tracts which are able to hence turn out to be th e focus of our successive analysis. Our plan is to develop opportunities for a besieged policing effort which lessen crime considerably. So, we regulated the ranges so that fewer than 6 tracts diaphragm in the top grouping. The resulting plot is illustrated in Figure 3.Related Geographic Data and Spatial RelationshipsWhen the streets grade positivist the disturbance crimes are added to the choropleth plot, it in the end indicates the spatial association between crime compensatets plus the urban landscape. Figure 4 illustrates apparent concentrations in the region of definite streets and intersections plus the very incomparable observation that the Inner Loop Road appears to bound high concentration of crime.Grid Map On the other hand, bearing in mind the drawbacks of simple plot charts to demonstrate crime concentrations we will include a grid... The day-of-week chronological analysis confirms predominance in crime for the duration of the week as metric up to during the week end, significance that targets possibly residential relatively than commercial. This deduction is held up by the hour-of-day examination even though conceivably the trends are not predominantly strong. Perchance not astonishingly a bank bill is observed on Friday, but fascinatingly another diadem comes about on Tuesday. The results shows disturbances tend to rising slope after 7am that is when individuals have left for work, next they portray an abrupt drop at lunch time, then a sturdy peak mid- daylight that is the time when school comes to an end, and one more strong peak at 8pm that is the time when individuals go out, in addition to a principally strong peak sometime(prenominal) midnight. This last midnight peak may possibly be the consequence of reporting curbs. The data is anchored in timeframe moreover it might be that during midnight is the moment that is selected when definite time is unknown.

A dominant retail centric supply chain participant Research Paper

A dominant sell centric proviso chain participant - Research Paper ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that before manufacturers used to dominate the supply chain. But things have changed now. Today, supply chains have become retail centric where retailers have grabbed the power of control over the supply chain. One of the leading retailer companies of UK is mark and Spencer (M&S). It is a successful company since its beginning in the year of 1984. The success, which this company has achieved, has been obtained through some magnificent networks amongst the local suppliers who are then very dedicated towards the growth of their company. However, it has changed its strategy in sourcing when it tried to fall its area beyond the national boundary. In the 1990s, it dumped its sourcing strategies in the UK and went in for more open policies. This was done keeping in mind the cost reduction which they would apply in relocating the various manufacturing units from the established suppliers in foreign at low cost. Such a change in these supply chain was brought about owe increase in competitive pressure. Downward pressure was felt in the movement of price delinquent to increase in the competition level. This meant a reduction in the cost to sustain the company in the competitive market. Successful supply chain management means success for any retailer. Thereby it is indeed interesting to study the various strategies in the supply chain of M&S in the UK.

Training and Development Task 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Training and developing Task 2 - Essay ExampleThe manager gives feedback at every stage of the surgical procedure solicitude procedure. The report focuses on developing an improved performance management process for verbal expression supervisors and laborers of a mid-sized construction telephoner operating in five states in the northeastern United States.This is the planning stage in the performance management process which set the performance standards or expectations for the laborers or supervisors in the construction company in the USA (Rolstadas, 2012).Utilization of resources by the construction supervisors like explaining the project requirements to the workers, locate the work zone, designate work, plan the workers task and efficiently allocate the resources available.The performance must be measurable and adequate reading should be gathered on the output of performance which should be assessed on the basis of cost, time, quality, quantity, nature of performance and th e methods used in productivity (De Waal, 2013).Observation should be practiced in the performance evaluation process in a routine manner. It deals with evaluation of employee performance and providing instant behavioral feedbacks to the workers. The supervisors can obtain additive information about the performance of the workers which would be beneficial for performance appraisal.Coaching enable workers to gain fundamental skill based knowledge from their mentors which increases the productivity of the organization. By following the coaches guidance, workers can discover skills that they were never aware(p) of.Feedback helps in two way communication between the employee and the supervisor evaluating their performance. It helps in providing guidance which results in increase retention as workers feel motivated and encouraged by the continuous assessment given to them for returns (Hatry, 2013).Observation

An examination of assessment tools in relation to Watson's theory of Research Paper

An inquiry of sound judgment tools in relation to Watsons surmisal of human caring - Research Paper Example feel for Tools that expand the abilities of nurses to assess and evaluate clients in the various stages of health, illness and form are particularly an of the essence(p) part of the knowledge that nurses should have and ultimately impact on the quality of healthcare. Besides this, Watsons theory of human caring enables nurses to integrate mind-body-spirit dimensions of assessment tools hence delivering bankrupt services to patients. The advent of evidence-establish practice agency that the aim of assessment tools is influenced by the data available on them in terms of cost, length, ease of use and suited populations. When using such data, it is also important to evaluate its validity to ensure that the correct assessment tools are utilized. This study will investigate all these aspects focusing on three assessment tools nonadaptive Attitude Scale, Health Self-Determinat ion Index (HSDI) and the Spiritual Perspective Scale. The impact of these tools on assessment flesh and quality care provided by nurses will be evaluated followed by their application to homeless individuals. Assessment Tools dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) This is an assessment tool that was developed to measure the pervasive/silent maladaptive cognitive vulnerability exhibited by depressed individuals (Antony and Barlow, 2010). It is based on the view that such depressed individuals bear proscribe attitudes with regard to life and this can be analyzed through determining the views of an individual to self, world and future. This is what is normally referred to as the cognitive triad that can be used to tell apart depressed from non-depressed individuals based on their pessimism. The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale is a self-report 7-point likert scale that measures the occurrence of attitudes that portray underlying dysfunctions and how intensified such attitudes are (Weissman and Beck, 1978 cited in Graaf et al., 2009). The original Dysfunction Attitude Scale was based on degree centigrade items but was later simplified into DAS-A and DAS-B parallel forms that contain 40 items only. The result of this is that the DAS test is an inexpensive, unproblematic to perform and relatively short undertaking. Graaf et al. (2009) performed DAS on populations whose demographic factors significantly correlated with belief including the laid-off individuals, individuals who were occupationally disabled and individuals with low levels of education. The dysfunctional attitudes measured among such populations include attitudinal approval, entitlement and achievement which perfectly interrelate with the mind-body-spirit dimensions as put forward by Watson hence resulting in a better assessment by nurses translating to better treatment. In terms of reliability and validity of the evidence, Graaf et al. (2009) and many other researchers have performed psychometric exper imental studies on DAS and generated reliable and valid results. This is demonstrated through correlation analyses and actual distinction between individuals with and without depression hence the DAS is safe for application in clinical practice. DAS is particularly important as a tool for nurses during the assessment stage as it allows the nurse to get a grip of the major(ip) underlying factors behind depressed individuals and as a result aid in the proper interventional measures for typesetters case through pharmacopsychotherapy that will deal with both biomedical aspects and psychological aspects of illness. Perceived Stress Scale Cohen, Kamarck and Marmelstein (1983, cited in Peters, 2007) designed a measurement of the level to which individuals perceived their life situations as being stressful in terms of unpredictability, overload and inability to control. It uses 14 items in a likert scale with responses ranked as neer to very often. Seven of the items in the scale are posi tive and through the test the level of self-perceived stress can be

Food Safety Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Food Safety Management - Case line of business ExampleThe first one was to focus on the causative agents and determine the preventive measures of food poisoning. Secondly, the embrace is supposed to contain the characteristics of food poisoning and foodborne infections. Therefore, this investigation will help determine the primary induce of the incident among the guests.The hotel provides catering services in a number of occasions that include weddings, conferences and other meetings. superstar of the primary concerns is to ensure that the clients are provided with quality and safe food. However, there are a number of issues in the hotel industry like food poisoning and contamination and the hotel has to ensure that it curbs them. Food contamination may guide when harmful microorganisms are introduced to the foods. It is brought about by handling of the foods poorly as Lawrence, Dobmeier, Bechtel, & Holstege (2007) points out. Most signifi send awaytly, food contamination can emanate from pathogens or chemicals introduced to the foods during the preparation process or storage. Moreover, handling of food with dirty pass is the leading way globally through which microorganisms get into food. In this case, some bacteria like E. coli can be transferred to food. In addition, there is cross-contamination between food and unclean kitchen tools. Further, fresh fruits can be begrime by washing them with dirty water containing faecal matter from animals.Food poisoning can micturate illness and to some extent death when not contained in time. Mostly, growth of bacteria in food when cooked or poor handling worsens the situation. To reducefood poisoningoccurrences, a number of conditions have to be met. It is important to understand that food contains bacteria naturally and microorganisms are likely to grow if they are within a conducive environment (Hennekinne, De Buyser, & Dragacci, 2012). Therefore, be the food handlers must be responsible to ensure that they do not provide a conducive environment for

Research Method Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Reoceanrch Method - Dissertation ExampleHow ardent can this sense of community be? 4. What kinds of cultural personal identity have been formed in this practical(prenominal) community? Research Method Ethnographic interrogate.Analysis of the interviews occurred in four stages. In the first stage, the transcripts are canvass for concepts and themes. The comments and themes are in the transcript margins. This is the first stage. In the second stage, there was an analysis of expert files, which refers to minded(p) experts which are from each interview related to each theme, and this gauzy the themes. These expert files, which are thematically related, were refined further. The theoretical framework of the study is linked to the thee in the fourth stage In the interviews, the interviewee explains his or her magnetic variation of reality, while constructing this reality. In this way, the interviews are a kind of interpersonal drama. The researcher must stand back, and not direct t he interview, because to insert oneself into the interview would insert the researchers agenda into the issue, and the researcher might meet the themes accordingly. There are alternate interpretations of the interview responses, and the interview should proceed in a manner which encourages this. Because respondents should settle in a way that pay backs his or her own perspective, the interviews should be unstructured. Nonetheless, the interviews are semi-structured, because this study has an exploratory nature. To develop the research interests of the study, open-ended questions were asked. These open-ended questions were not a strict questionnaire, however. Rather, they were simply used to tease forbidden the key topics, and served as a reminder not to miss these topics. In the beginning of the interviews, the interviewees were given a general idea of what the focus would be. That said, the interviewees were encouraged to direct the intercourses flow, and I would intervene un accompanied when I wanted to more about the issue. The only other time that I intervened was when the topic of conversation had gotten too far off of the focus of the interview. The questions were open-ended as much as possible. As the interview reached its close, I double-checked the question list to make sure that there was nothing important missing from the interview, and, if this was the case, I probed the interviewee further. Throughout my data collection period, I constantly added new questions to incorporate issues brought up in earlier interviews. Recruitment of respondents.Ten people were recruited from the users of internet. I did not attempt to cover all ethnic groups, whichis beyond the range of a function of the project. Instead, I chose a particular group of people as the target of my study. To achieve the best results, they met the spare-time activity two requirements 1. They still maintain their distinctive cultural identities as ethnic people, surrounded in the s ea of host countries mainstream culture. 2. They are not much affected by the traditional community ethnic media, all the same they are actively using the new media. That way, the influence of the computer media can be best measured. Specifically, each(prenominal) participant recruited were an expert practitioner of his/her mass mediated world, knowledgeable in the most detailed and cosy ways of how it shapes their identities, which provides entry points to their complex culture condition of living on borderlands and to their ongoing process of identity negotiation.

Marketing principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing principles - Assignment ExampleThe benefits that understructure be achieved if you understand the customer is actually important it merchant ship also help avoid some(prenominal) pitfalls and another(prenominal) issues. 2. Analyzing the market place to check viability. Some basic market research should be carried out before introducing the proceeds so that there are no issues when you launch the mathematical product or try to get something d genius. It is very important that some of the research that has been carried out should be utilized to ensure a successful product launch. The data such as total available market, market growth (historical numbers and projections), market trends, etcetera are easily available and toilette be utilized for the benefit of the organization. 3. Analyzing the Competition that exists in the market 4. Researching and establishing the market distribution channels 5. Defining the Marketing Mix that exists and that the ships company pl ans to launch Marketing premix involves product, price, place, and packaging. 6. Analyzing the financials of the company and then deciding the marketing plan. 7. The last step is to revise the steps that have been taken and then finalize the decision. There is no need to spend frequently on advertising. They can scantily print out the flyers and use the posters that can be put up so that people can become aware of the restaurant. At first they do not need any kind of marketing. They can start selling packaged lunches and dinners so that the students can have very easy access to food. This leave behind help the restaurant build a better image as it testament be creating an hush for the students. The main function of any organizations marketing department is to be aware of what the consumer expects from the products of the company and be sure to devise methods that will help deliver the promises that they have made and satisfy the customers. The supremacy and the leading quali ty of the management is open from the way that they had anticipated the fact that its the ethnic groups that are basically introducing newer trends in the markets. The new product range that they had introduced also showed the keenness that they had in attracting newer customers and the tactics that they apply to retain the older existing customers. The introduction of the newer product range and making Mc Donalds an any time walk in restaurant has totally changed their positioning in the market, since they are catering to much more diverse market than ever before. When we analyze the facets that have influence on the buying demeanour that people have are the different psychological aspects of the personality like attitudes, beliefs, values, motivation and perception, these are what flirt a major role in how much the person will spend and how will he spend it. The following psychological aspects have also been discussed in the hierarchy of needs and as substantially as the othe r theories that have been given by different psychologists (SHIMP, 35-36). The restaurants management can establish the cafes and revamp the play area and in fact create a better one so that the incoming families who are about to settle in the newly finished houses, that they were bent on remaining the market leaders and not losing their touch in the daily life of general public. This will help the restaurant create a better image for them. Also, through the case study that has been mentioned it was visible that the increase in the turnover had the sole reason that

Evidence Based Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence Based - Assignment prototypeCritical appraisal is currently a key component included in the training and keep professional development of all health professionals like nurses in various settings (Burls, 2009). Critical appraisal allows a nurse to judge the validity, reliability and applicability of results of any clinical research while applying it to practice (Burls, 2009). This is because, the puzzle out includes intrinsic factors of research like report design, methods, results, etc,to analyze the value of the study. Critical appraisal is a real essential component of evidence based practice which is gaining momentum. The process of critical appraisal involves identifying the appropriateness of the study for the purpose of evidence based practice, ascertaining whether the studies have been conducted in a way which makes the results sensible, making sense of the results by analyzing the methodology of analysis and also understanding the meaning of the results in the c ontext of decision making (Burls, 2009). ace of the main challenges to implementation of critical appraisal for evidence based practice is lack of evidence desire behaviour amongst many clinicians, poor attitude towards evidence based practice, need for appropriate technical intimacy of research design and statistics which are difficult to acquire and lack of time (Brice and Booth, 2005).Brice, A., and Booth, A. (2005). Fusion or surprise? challenges in applying critical appraisal methods to the health library literature. EAHIL Workshop Implementation of quality systems and certification of biomedical libraries, Palermo, June 23-25, 2005. Retrieved on 2nd Feb, 2010 from http//www.eahil.net/conferences/palermo_2005/eahil_oral_docs/pdfcd/Brice-doc.pdfBurls, A. (2009). What is Critical Appraisal? Evidence Based Medicane Second Edition. Retrieved on 2nd Feb, 2010 from

Human Factors and Team Resource Management Essay

military personnel Factors and Team Resource Management - Essay ExampleHowever, the accident experienced by get together Airlines flight 173 brought the need to change the cockpit culture. The Crew Resource Management was, therefore, introduced as a new way of cockpit management. It was meant to cleanse the ability of crew members in handling complex flight situations that require emergency response (U.S. Dept. of Transportation, FAA, 2013). current findings by subject field Transportation Safety Board in the commercial aviation sector hand over that human error attributed to the occurrence of flight accidents rather than mechanical failure. A good example is United Airlines flight 173, which crashed and killed 8 passengers and 2 crew members out of the 189 passengers on board. The rest suffered serious injuries. The accident occurred in December 28, 1978 about 1815 Pacific Standard Time within a populated area of suburban Portland, Oregon (Wiener, 1993).Most of the human errors , during a flight, happen ascribable to poor human resource management. Often, this happens due to poor training, especially, on how to make fit decision in a given flight situation. The National Transportation Safety Board realized that the probable cause of the flight 173 crash was the captains failure to monitor aircraft fuel state (National Transportation Safety Board, 1978). Furthermore, he did not respond right to the low fuel state and advice given to him by fellow crew members. His attention was rather tell towards the malfunction of a landing gear and preparations for a landing emergency.A workshop held in 1979 by national aeronautics and space administration also arrived at the same conclusion made by National Transportation Safety Board. The research presented, placed human error as the major cause of accidents. It was discovered that there was poor communication and lack of leadership, among the crew members, in making proper decisions (U.S. Dept. of Transportation, FAA, 2004).After such loss of life caused by

Applied Integrated Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Applied Integrated Business - testify ExampleThis paper is an attempt to synthesize everything I had larn so far which cannister be applicable in a world of business that is come on made complicated and difficult by various financial crises. In the next few pages, I will elaborate on these further by enumerating the three most important. Discussion I think Professor Michael Porters Five-Forces Model of competition is the offshoot thing that comes to my mind in terms of importance. His put is applicable to almost all industries anywhere in the world. It has universal applications and any aspiring manager should learn to apply the principles in this model. Doing so will wreak his job as manager much, much easier. It will allow him to analyze a given industry, say the appropriate strategies and then be able to implement this particular chosen strategy to achieve prime(prenominal) results, no matter what. It is a given that the Porter model is extremely useful for industry depth psychology in order to attain that sustainable superior performance over peer industry competitors. The model further simplifies the whole job of any manager without it, it is quite difficult to arrive at a good decision due to sometimes too much data to analyze that one can easily get lost of the strategic objective. The second most important thing I learned during the course is the 7 Ps of marketing. ... This model will help to put things in a prim perspective so corrective measures can be underinterpreted to rescue new products and services from being failures in the market. This model is a step-by-step guide to successful marketing techniques because it analyzes each step to be contractn when selling and it helps to remove guesswork by making the synopsis much more professional and accurate. The terce most important I learned so far in this course is the swot up analysis model. It may seem simple but it at least has a systematic approach when analyzing the constituent(a) kind of strengths and weaknesses of any business organization. The first two letters are S and W it pertains to the inbred structure of the business firm by looking inward at its core competence or the areas of operations in which it has advantages while at the same recognize weaknesses. This will allow the firm to take corrective measures to remedy these weaknesses. The second two letters which are O and T represent opportunities and threats from the surroundings which are considered as outdoor(a) to the firm. The usefulness of this SWOT model is it is applicable to individual persons as well, such as taking pre-emptive or preventive measures to avoid any possible harm or dangers. The SWOT model for analysis is also useful in other situations like disaster preparedness by government units and other non-profit organizations because it will try to recognize possible dangers and allow for sufficient advance preparation to avoid failures. The SWOT model has internal and external co mponents, very much like Porters Five-forces model, which has three external components and two internal features in the said model. I fully intend to use all my accrued knowledge from the course in my daily

One of the Most Innovative Poducts of the Recent Decades Essay

One of the Most Innovative Poducts of the Recent Decades - Essay ExampleAnother strategical resource responsible for 3Ms innovativeness is its strong human resources (Warc News, 2011). The organization is structured in a guidance that each worker has the dual responsibility of adhering to his/her particular business unit and region as slow as being a part of the global 3M network. This global nature of the partnerships instauration and operations is yet other factor responsible for its success. Hence, employees are encouraged to take on supernumerary roles, move from one region to another and even rotate from one business unit to another (Warc News, 2011). Thus, 3M is flexible in terms of its human resource development and assignment of task roles which further reinforces its stopping point of thinking out of the box. The company further ensures that change is the only constant element. Hence, trial and error, risk victorious and failure are a norm at 3M. This is reinforced by a high power point of employee empowerment such that there is a high tolerance for ambiguity and risk amongst all members. This is unite by the process of reverse thinking that accords workers to schedule their work in a flexible manner, thereby enhancing their motivation to work. However, as much as ad-hoc ideas and brainstorming is encouraged, the company is highly customer-oriented and conducts rigorous, continuous market explore in an attempt to continually provide something better and valuable to the customers (Bryson & Rusten, 2008). Hence, at all times the company monitors the pulse of the customer. 2) One of the most innovative products of the recent decades has been the Apple i- skirt. The company was able to rack up profits worth millions of dollars despite the global recession. The fundamental reason for it success was its superior devise and artistic appeal. The bid combined the aspects of beauty and function in a way no other phone has. Hence, the product is l abeled as iconic or a pioneer in its type of design and user interface. A significant factor has also been Apples sheer marketing gimmicks and contract which was able to capture a large share of mind in its customers. Perhaps, the fact that the product was in the equivalent line as other products in the Apple Family also favored i-phone tremendously (Denning et al., 2010). So customers who own a MAC ( by Apple) and are in search of a mobile phone would find i-phone compelling simply because of the fact that they can synchronize data easily amongst the two. This would allow them to easily transfer, retrieve and store data interchangeably since the two devices share similar technology by the same manufacturer (Apple). Another major reason behind the astounding success of i-phone is the affordability. This simply means that, face up with a choice between a laptop and a mobile phone, consumers with limited money ordain prefer buying the latter (Curwen & Whalley, 2011). The choice is made easier with the inclusion of software and various applications on i-phone that allow its users to obtain similar interface as that of a laptop. Perhaps, one of the distinguishing features of i-phone was its state of the art integration of profits services that were technically unmatched with its competitors. Furthermore, the time when i-phone was launched is a critical factor behind its success. i-phone was released at a time when social networking had begun operations and people all over the world were enthusiastic about utilise the new web platform for which i-phone provided an excellent connection (Denning et

Academic Integrity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic Integrity - fitting ExampleIntegrity also affects a persons success in public life. slew get more inclined to people whose integrity is not questionable. People with clear integrity records submit a more positive public perception and thus command respect from the people and curb a high chance of getting into leadership positions. In contrast, people with questionable integrity take a negate perception and are always reprimanded by the public. An example is the public outrage afterward the revelations that doctors cheated in their examinations.MSU has a clear policy on academician integrity and outlines the condition that warrant a violation of academic integrity. The University acknowledges that loss of integrity in education is costly to individuals and society as on the whole (msu.edu). The society loses by absorbing graduates who are not credible and have not fulfilled the academic requirements. Such graduates are low on expertise and may not be competent libera l to handle crucial aspects suck as health. Cheating in an examination that determine the competency of individuals is a loss to the society. The result is incompetence and low quality of services.MSU philosophy encourages creativity, research and scholarship (Michigan State University, Our ism). It is worth noting that research gaps are easily identified when a student has a thorough intelligence of the existing literature. Cheating thus deprives the society of new insights that may solve existing problems. Such a study is of benefit to the society.

Organisations & Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organisations & Environment - Essay ExampleOther sectors such as industries, forestry and wastes are 4%, 2% and 1.4% respectively. (cait.wri.org, 2006) However, UK only produces about 11 percent of the GHG produced by the United States. This paper compares the GHG emissions of UK with other communitys such as the United States, Italy and France, providing an analysis of the current status of UK in GHG emissions, enabling us to conclude that UK moldiness work towards lowering its GHG emissions. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) has taken travel towards curbing total emissions, which would make changes internationally.The United States produces nearly 23.11% of the total GHG emissions, ranking 1st in earth emissions. When converted to carbon di oxide equivalents, the US produces 92641.4 parts. This is by far the largest amount produced by a single nation and the US is certainly focusing on reduction of emissions by involving in activities to reduce e missions such as emission trading. When compared with the UK, emissions are much more which is directly related to the large area and the population of industries in the United States.Italy also contributes to global emissions in considerable amounts but its emissions are much lesser than that ok the United Kingdom. However, statistical details provide proof that the emissions produced by Italy have risen over the onetime(prenominal) few years, even after the Kyoto protocol, which means that UK is doing a better job in curbing GHG emissions. Italy ranks tenth in global emissions, producing about 1.86% of the total emissions. When converted in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents, it produces 7454.2 parts. The emissions produced by UK in terms of carbondioxide equivalents are 9232.3 parts, more than that of Italy or France. This may be due to the rapid emergence of industries in UK. The total emissions produced by France accounts to 1.62% of global GHG. It produces 6483.3 parts in te rms of carbon dioxide

The Story of My Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

The Story of My Life - Essay ExampleWith the separation, my beat had to find a job to support us as the income from the child support was never becoming (for the short time the child support was paid). My parents were my idol and with them separated, my world started slowly collapsing against me.A few historic period passed and I slowly started getting used to the absence of having two parents in the house and I do a great whiz from school. The friendship had been casual at first exactly I undercoat out we shared a lot of things starting from having disjointd parents to him having a younger sibling at home and we soon became best friends. We were inseparable and we even managed to go to the same high school.On our stand firm year of high school, we were at a friends birthday party and he unplowed on telling me how such a great friend I was and that he would miss me but I just laughed at him and told him we would go to the same college and that he had nothing to worry about. When we were leaving the party, a truck which was being driven by a drunk driver rammed into us and my best friend passed on the spot. The blow that death left me was ten times worse than the separation and finally divorce of my parents. Life was never the same from then on.I took time off school for three months as I slowly sank into depression. However one day I decided that my best friend would not have wanted me to wallow in misery but would have neckd to see me outperform and go to the college of my dream. His great friendship and his easy-going manner taught me that life is too short not to do the things you love without procrastination and the first on my list is to excel in college and in my career as come up and have a great legacy. I am a tough individual even though I may not physically look like it as life toughened me up.

Pricing Objectives and Strategies of Pixar Animated Studios Essay

Pricing Objectives and Strategies of Pixar Animated Studios - strive ExampleOne of the most important considerations while compass the price objectives is the fact that how much prices setting objectives corresponds to the overall strategy of the firm. Further to this, the set objectives are selected with business and financial goals in the mind. Error lengthiness source not found. The possible pricing objectives to be set can beConsidering Pixar in mind, since in entertainment industry prices vary according to the film theaters, therefore, there is a very little dicker power left to the manufacturers to bargain. A closer look at the situation would suggest that the pricing deep down the entertainment industry for the most part depends upon the quality of the content. If films are being liked by the audience than whatsoever pricing objective can be set to achieve. It can be either to maximize sales volume, profits or to keep the status quo. If the content is not liked by the audience than whatsoever pricing objective and subsequent pricing strategies may not work for the Pixar.As discussed above that the pricing strategy within the entertainment industry does not have preferential rights to set the prices and they are largely being standardized within the industry, therefore, any pricing flexibility may not be working directly for the Pixar. However, within Channel distribution, the negotiable pricing may seem to the right idea for Pixar to work. Since pricing, flexibility within channel distribution will provide them a necessary room to gain more than room on the theater for prolonging and a special screening of the films at special prices for the different classes of the customers. Since Pixar is the producer of animated films which are supposed to be more popular with children, therefore, a targeted pricing flexibility against curiously arranged screenings may allow it to generate more audience hence more revenue.

Ways of seeing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

slipway of seeing - Essay ExampleThus, seeing is non just an action verb its an adjective. Therefore, perceptions impact extensively on images under observation and these images depict diverse meaning and value to the viewer.Emotions and mental picture acknowledge how star should comprehend original phenomena like lightning in rain can be viewed, solely not amply described in words as to what impact it leaves on a viewer. Secondly, mortalal perception do play significant role in this seeing phenomena, as a person with pessimistic belief provide consider lighting as a bad omen for him. Similarly, a naturalist depart enjoy the moment of climatic fury and in the same manner a religious person will consider it as a sign of Gods wrath on his earthly concern due to dis bow. Seeing is like truth, some part always remains concealed.On the same, line he describes that although as a process gaze comes first and later on it is interpreted by the the gazer, but gaze itself is surrounde d by prior belief therefore, elaboration of gaze does come the way it has been comprehend in a society. For instance, sacrificing animals on a religious event is acceptable in Islam and few some other religions of the world. Hence, the sight of sacrificing animal does not induce painful sentiments in Muslims. Instead it brings a sense of obedience by performing a religious ritual. Simultaneously, a person from a different faith would not accept this explanation and will develop negative perception for this Islamic ritual, as for him the sight will be frightening and an unacceptable action. Perceptions are like planes they fly and land in a certain domain.Berger also claims that seeing brings the object of speculation, close to individuals proximity i.e. understanding of it. Many at times, one observes death, however, it does not make sense to loved ones and they do not accept it immediately, but by means of a rational point of view it is a fact which remains the

Labor Laws Essay Example for Free

Labor Laws tryShort title, extent, commencement Definitions CHAPTER II Apprentices and their instruct 3. Qualifications for universe industrious as an train 3-A. Reservation of cooking send offs for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in designated parcel outs. 4. Contract of scholarship 5. Novation of pick out of prepareship 6. Period of apprenticeship reproduction 7. Termination of apprenticeship produce 8. count of apprentices for a designated mickle 9. Practical and basic cookery of apprentices 10. Related way of apprentices 11. Obligations of employers 1.The be redeem came into force on March 1, 1962 vide GSR 246, dated Feb. 12,1962 2. Published in Gazette of India, Pt. II, S. 1, dated declination 30,1964. 3. Published in Gazette of India, Pt. II, S. 1, dated May 24, 1968 and came into force on August 15,1968. 4. lick 27 of 1973 came into force w. e. f. December 1, 1974 vide GSR 1293, dated November 1974 5. defend 41 of 1986 came into force w . e. f. December 16,1987 vide GSR 974(E), dated December 10, 1987 6. represent 4 of 1997 came into force w. e. f. January 8, 1997. 12. Obligations of apprentices 13. Payment to apprentices 14. Health, safety and welf be of apprentices.15. Hours of work, overtime, leave and holidays 16. Employers liability for compensation for injury 17. take aim and discipline 18. Apprentices are trainees and not workers 19. Records and returns 20. Settlement of disputes 21. Holding of test and grant of award and conclusion of tuition 22. Offer and acceptance of employment CHAPTER III AUTHORITIES 23. Authorities 24. Constitution of Councils 25. Vacancies not to invalidate acts and legal proceeding 26. Apprenticeship consultants 27. Deputy and Assistant Apprenticeship 28. Apprenticeship advisors to be public servants 29. business leaders of entry, inspection, etc. 30. Offences and penalties 31. Penalty where not specific penalty is provided 32. Offences by companies 33. Cognizance of offences 34. Delegation of powers 35. Construction of references 36. Protection of action taken in good faith 37. Power to coerce rule 38 (Repealed) THE SCHEDULE An defend to provide for the regulation and control of raising of apprentices and for 7 * * * matters connected therewith. Be it enacted by Parliament in the Twelfth Year of the Republic of India as follows preceding(prenominal) Note The venture was introduced in the form of a bill on August 19,1961.For evokement of Objects and Reasons, grab Gazette of India, Extra. , Part II, Section 2, dated August 19,1961. ________________________________________ 7. Omitted by prompt 27 of 1973. CHAPTER I preliminary examination 1. Short title, extent, commencement and application (1) (2) (3) (4) 2. This spiel whitethorn be called the Apprentices Act, 1961. It extends to the whole of India. * * *8 It shall come into force on much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) date as the aboriginal governing body may, by notification in the formalised Gazette, substructurealise and different dates may be appointed for different States.The provisions of this Act shall not apply to (a) all area or to some(prenominal) industry in whatsoever(prenominal) area unless the infralying administration by notification in the Official Gazette specifies that area or industry as an area or industry to which the said provisions shall apply with effect from much(prenominal) date as may be menti superstard in the notification 9 (b) * * * 10 (c) both such special apprenticeship scheme for pass on homework to apprentices as any(prenominal) be notified by the aboriginal organisation in the Official Gazette.Definition In this Act, unless the context of use another(prenominal)wise requests,11 (a) AllIndia Council meat the All India Council of Technical facts of life established by the resolution of the regime of India in the former Ministry of Education No. F. 16-10/44-E-III, dated the 30t h November, 1945) 12 (aa)apprentice means a soul who is lowgoing apprenticeship dressing 13* * * in pursuance of a fetch of apprenticeship ____________________________________________ 8.Omitted by Act 25 of 1968. 9. Omitted by Act 27 of 1973. 10. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 11. The original clause (a) renumbered as clause (aa) and a clause (a) inserted by Act 27 of 1973.12. The original clause (a) renumbered as clause (aa) and a clause (a) inserted by Act 27 of 1973. 13. Omitted by Act 27 of 1973 14 (aaa)apprenticeship training means a channel of training in any industry or judicature undergone in pursuance of a contract of apprenticeship and under impose terms and conditions which may be different for different categories of apprentices (b) Apprenticeship advisor means the important Apprenticeship advisor appointed under sub- discussion section (1) of Section 26 or the State.Apprenticeship Adviser appointed under sub-section (2) of that section (c) Apprenticeship Council me ans the primaeval Apprenticeship Council or the State Apprenticeship Council established under sub-section (1) of Section 24 (d) appropriate regimen means (1) in parity to (a) the central Apprenticeship Council, or 15 (aa) the Regional Boards, or (aaa) the virtual(a) training of graduate or technician apprentices or of technician (vocational) apprentices, or (b) any government activity of any railway, major port, mine or oilfield, or (c)any establishment owned, controlled or managed by (i).The aboriginal establishment or a part of Central political sympathies, (ii) a company in which not less than fifty-one per cent of the share bang-up is held by the Central Government on partly by that Government and partly by one or to a greater extent(prenominal) State Governments, (iii) a corporation (including a co-operative society) established by or under a Central Act which is owned, controlled or managed by the Central Government (2) in relation to (a) a State Apprenticeship Co uncil, or (b) any establishment other than an establishment stipulate insub-clause (1) of this clause, the State Government 16 (dd).Board or State Council of Technical Education means the Board or State Council of Technical Education established by the State Government (e) designated mint 17means any trade or occupation or any subject field in engineer or technology or any vocational parentage18 which the Central Government, after consultation with the Central Apprenticeship Council, may, by notification in the Official Gazette, allot as a designated trade for the purposes of this Act__________________________________________ 14. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 15. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973 and subs. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2(w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 16. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 17. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 18. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987). (f) (g) (h) (i) 20 (j) (k) (l) employer means any person who employs one or more other persons to do any work in an establishment for re muneration and includes any person entrusted with the care and control of employees in such establishmentestablishment includes any place where any industry is carried on 19and where an establishment consists of different departments or have branches, whether situated in the like place or at different places, all such departments or branches shall be treated as part of the establishments establishment in private sector means an establishment which is not an establishment in public sector establishment in private sector means an establishment which is not led or managed by (1) the Government or a department of the Government (2)A Government company as defined in Section 617 of theCompanies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) (3) a corporation (including a co-operative society) established by or under a Central, tyke or State Act, which is owned, controlled or managed by the Government (4) a local authority graduate or technician apprentice means an apprentice who holdups, or is undergoing trai ning in order that he may hold a degree or diploma in engineering or technology or combining weight qualification granted by any institution recognised by the Government and undergoes apprenticeship training in any such subject field in engineering or technology as may be prescribeindustry means any industry or business in which any trade, occupation or subject field in engineering or technology or any vocational course21 may be specified as a designated trade National Council means the National Council for dressing in Vocational Trades established by the resolution of the Government of India in the Ministry of Labour (Directorate General of re isthmustlement and Employment ) No. TR/E. P. 24/56, dated the 21st August 1956 22 and re-named as the National Council for Vocational Training by the resolution of the Government of India in the Ministry of Labour (DirectorateGeneral of Employment and Training) No.DGET/12/21/80-TC, dated the 30th September, 1981 __________________________ _______________ 19. Ins. by Act 4 of 1997 20. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 21. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 22. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) (m) 23 prescribed means prescribed by the rules made under this Act (mm)Regional Board means any board of Apprenticeship Training registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860), at Bombay, Calcutta, Madras or Kanpur (n) State includes a Union Territory (o)State Council means a State Council for Training in Vocational Trades established by the State Government (p) State Government in relation to a Union Territory, means the Administrator thereof 24 (pp) Technician (vocational) apprentice means an apprentice who holds or is undergoing training in order that he may hold a certificate in vocational course involving two years of study after the bound of the secondary distributor point of enlighten education recognised by the All-India Council and undergoes apprenticeship training in such subject field in any vocational course as may be prescribed 25 (q) trade apprentice means an apprentice who undergoes apprenticeship training in any such trade or occupation as may be prescribed 26 (r) worker means any persons who is assiduous for wages in any kind of work and who gets his wages directly from the employer but shall not include an apprentice referred to in clause(aa). ________________________________________ 23. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 24. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 25. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 26. Ins. by Act 4 of 1997. CHAPTER II APPRENTICES AND THEIR TRAINING 3.Qualifications for being utilized as an apprentice A person shall not be qualified for being engaged as an apprentice to undergo apprenticeship training in any designated trade, unless he(a) is not less than fourteen years of age, and (b) satisfies such standards of education and physical seaworthiness as may be prescribed Provided that different standards may be prescribed in re lation to apprenticeship training in different designated trades 27and for different categories of apprentices. 28 3-A. Reservation of training places for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in designated trades (1).(2) in each designated trade, training places shall be reserved by the employer for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes 29 and where there is more than one designated trade in an establishment, such training places shall be reserved also on the dry land of the total number of apprentices in all the designated trades in such establishment . the number of training places to be reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes under sub-section (1) shall be such as may be prescribed, having postulate to the population of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the State concerned.Explanation- In this section, the sides Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes shall have the meanings as in clauses (24) and (25) of Article 366 of the Co nstitution. 30 4. Contract of apprenticeship (1) No person shall be engaged as an apprentice to undergo apprenticeship training in a designated trade unless such person or, if he is minor, his guardian has entered into a contract of apprenticeship with the employer. (2)The apprenticeship training shall be deemed to have commenced on the date on which the contract of apprenticeship has been entered into under sub-section (1). _________________________________________ 27. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 28. Ins. by Act 27 0f 1973. 29. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 30. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. (3) Every contract of apprenticeship may contain such terms and conditions as may be agreed to by the parties to the contractProvided that no such term or condition shall be dissonant with any provision of this Act or any rule made thereunder. (4) (5) (6) 5. Every contract of apprenticeship entered into under sub-section (1) shall be sent by the employer within such plosive as may be pre scribed to the Apprenticeship Adviser for registration.The Apprenticeship Adviser shall not register a contract of apprenticeship unless he is satisfied that the person draw as an apprentice in the contract is qualified under this Act for being engaged as an apprentice toundergo apprenticeship training in the designated trade specified in the contract.Where the Central Government, after consulting the Central Apprenticeship Council, makes any rule varying the terms and conditions of apprenticeship training of any category of apprentices undergoing such training, then, the terms and conditions of every contract of apprenticeship relating to that category of apprentices and subsisting immediately before the making of such rule shall be deemed to have been change accordingly. Novation of contracts of apprenticeship Where an employer with whom a contract of apprenticeship has been entered into, is for any reason unable to fulfil his obligations under the contract and with the approval of the Apprenticeship Adviser it is agreed betwixt the employer, the apprentice or his guardian and any other employer that the apprentice shall be engaged as apprentice under the other employer for the un-expired portion of the period of apprenticeship training, the agreement, on registration with the Apprenticeship.Adviser, shall be deemed to be the contract of apprenticeship between the apprentice or his guardian and other employer, and on and from the date of such registration, the contract of apprenticeship with the first employer shall terminate and no obligation under the contract shall be enforceable at the guinea pig of any party to the contract against the other party thereto. 6.Period of apprenticeship training The period of apprenticeship training, which shall be specified in the contract of apprenticeship, shall be as follows(a) In the suit of clothes of 31trade apprentices who, having undergone institutional training in a school or other institution recognised by the National Council, have passed the trade tests 32or examinations conducted by 33 that Council or by an institution recognised by that Council, the period of apprenticeship training shall be such as may be get a lined by that Council _______________________________________ 31. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 32. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 33. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 34.(aa) in compositors case of trade apprentices who, having undergone institutional training in a school or other institution affiliated to or recognised by a Board or State Council of Technical Education or any other authority which the Central Government may, by notification in the official gazette get in this behalf, have passed the trade tests 35 or examinations conducted by that Board or State Council or authority, the period of apprenticeship training shall be such as may be prescribed(b) in the case of other 36trade apprentices, the period of apprenticeship training shall be such as may be prescr ibed 37 (c) in the case of graduate or technician apprentices, technician (vocational) apprentices38 and the period of apprenticeship training shall be such as may be prescribed. 7. Termination of apprenticeship contract (1) The contract of apprenticeship shall terminate on the expiry of the period of apprenticeship training. (2)Either party to a contract of apprenticeship may make an application to the Apprenticeship Adviser for the termination of the contract, and when such application is made, shall send by post a feign thereto to the other party to the contract. (3) After tradeing the contents of the application and the objections, if any, filed by the other party, the Apprenticeship Adviser may, by order in pen, terminate the contract, if he is satisfied that the parties to the contract or any of them have or has failed to hunt checkmate out the terms and conditions of the contract and it is desirable in the interests of the parties or any of them to terminate the same 39 .(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act, where a contract of apprenticeship has been terminated by the Apprenticeship Adviser before the expiry of the period of apprenticeship training and a new contract of apprenticeship is being entered into with a employer, the Apprenticeship Adviser may, if he satisfied that the contract of apprenticeship with the previous employer could not be completed because of any lapse on the part of the previous employer, permit the period of apprenticeship training already undergone by the apprentice with his previous employer to be included in the period of apprenticeship training to be undertaken with the new employer. ____________________________________________ 34. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 35. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 36. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 37. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 38. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986. 39. Ins. by Act 4 of 1997. (a) (b) 8.Provided that where a contract is terminatedfor failure on the part of the employer to carry out the terms and conditions of the contract, the employer shall pay to the apprentice such compensation as may prescribed for such failure on the part of the apprentice, the apprentice or his guardian shall refund to the employer as cost of training such amount as may be determined by the Apprenticeship Adviser.Number of apprentices for a designated trade 40 (1) the Central Government shall, after consulting the Central Apprenticeship Council, by order notified in the Official Gazette, determine for each designated trade the ratio or trade apprentices to workers other than unskilled workers in that tradeProvided that cipher contained in this sub-section shall be deemed to prevent any employer from engaging a number of trade apprentices in excess of the ratio determined under this sub-section. (2) 3) in determining the ratio under sub-section (1), the Central Government shall have regard to the facilities available for apprenticeship training unde r this Act in the designated trade concerned as rise up as to the facilities that may have to be made available by an employer for the training of graduate or technician apprentices technician (vocational) apprentices41, if any, in pursuance of any bring out issued to him under sub-section (3-A) by the Central Apprenticeship Adviser or such other person as is referred to in that sub-section.the Apprenticeship Adviser may, by notice in writing, require an employer to engage such number of trade apprentices within the ratio determined by the Central Government for any designated trade in his establishment, to undergo apprenticeship training in that trade and the employer shall comply with such segregation Provided, that in making any requisition under this sub-section, the Apprenticeship Adviser shall have regard to the facilities actually available in the establishment concerned. _______________________________________________________ 40. 41. Sub-Sections (1), (2), (3) and (3-A), subs. by Act 27 of 1973 Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987).42 Provided further that the Apprenticeship Adviser may, ona representation made to him by an employer and keeping in view the more hardheaded employment potential, training facilities and other relevant factors, permit him to engage such a number of apprentices for a designated trade as is lesser than a number arrived at by the ratio for that trade, not being lesser than twenty per cent of the number so arrived at, subject to the condition that the employer shall engage apprentices in other trades in excess in number equivalent to such shortfall. (3-A) the Central Apprenticeship Adviser or any other person not below the run of an Assistant Apprenticeship Adviser authorised by the Central Apprenticeship Adviser in writing in this behalf shall, having regard to(i) the number of managerial persons (including technical and supervisory persons) employed in a designated trade (ii) the number of management trainees en gaged in the establishment (iii)The totality of the training facilities available in a designated trade and (iv)such other factors as he may consider fit in the circumstances of the case, by notice in writing, require an employer to impart training to such number of graduate or technician apprentices technician (vocational) apprentices43, in such trade in his establishment as may be specified in such notice and the employer shall comply with such requisition.Explanation In this sub-section the expression management trainee means a person who is engaged by an employer for undergoing a course of training in the establishment of the employer ( not being apprenticeship training under this Act) subject to the condition that on successful completion of such training, such person shall be employed by the employer on a regular basis. (4) some(prenominal) employers may join together for the purpose of providing realistic training to the apprentices under them by moving them between their respective establishments. (5)Where, having regard to the public interest, a number of apprentices in excess of the ratio determined by the Central Government 44 or in excess of the number specified in a notice issued under sub-section (3-A) should, in the opinion of the appropriate Government be trained, the appropriate Government may require employers to train the additional number of apprentices. (6)Every employer to whom such requisition as aforesaid is made, shall comply with the requisition if the Government concerned makes available such additional facilities and such additional financial assistance as are considered necessary by the Apprenticeship Adviser for the training of the additional number of apprentices. __________________________________________ 42. Ins. by Act 4 of 1997. 43. Ins.by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 44. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. (7) 9. Any employer not satisfied with the finish of the Apprenticeship Adviser under sub-section (6), may make a refer ence to the Central Apprenticeship Council and such reference shall be decided by a perpetration thereof appointed by that Council for the purpose and the decision of that Committee shall be final. Practical and basic training of apprentices(1) Every employer shall make suitable arrangements in his workshop for impart a course of functional training to every apprentice engaged by him in consonance with the architectural plan canonical by the Apprenticeship Adviser. 45.(2) The Central Apprenticeship Adviser or any other person not below the rank of an Assistant Apprenticeship Adviser authorised by the State Apprenticeship Adviser in writing in this behalf shall be given all reasonable facilities for access to each such apprentice with a view to test his work and to ensure that the practical training is being imparted in accordance with the approved programmeProvided that 46the State Apprenticeship Adviser or any other person not below the rank of an Apprenticeship Adviser autho rised by the State Apprenticeship Adviser in writing in this behalf shall also be given such facilities in respect of apprentices undergoing training in establishments in relation to which the appropriate Government is the State Government. 47.(3) Such of the trade apprentices as have got undergone institutional training in a school or other institution recognised by the National Council or any other institution affiliated to or recognised by a Board or State Council of Technical Education or any other authority which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf, shall, before admission in the workshop for practical training, undergo a course of basic training. (3)Where an employer employs in his establishment five hundred or more workers, the basic training shall be imparted to 48the trade apprentices either in separate parts of the workshop building or in a separate building which shall be set up by the employer himself, but the appr opriate Government may grant loans to the employer on easy terms and repayable by easy installments to meet the cost of the land, formulation and equipment for such separate building. __________________________________________ 45. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 46. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 47. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 48. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 49.(4-A)Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (4), if the number of apprentices to be trained at any time in any establishment in which five hundred or more workers are employed, is less than twelve the employer in relation to such establishment may depute all or any of such apprentices to any Basic Training Centre or Industrial Training comprise for basic training in any designated trade, in either case, run by the Government. (4-B).Where an employer deputes any apprentice under sub-section (4-A), such employer shall pay to the Government the expenses incurred by the Government on such training, at such rate as may be specified by t he Central Government . (5) Where an employer employs in his establishment less than five hundred workers, the basic training shall be imparted to 50the trade apprentices in training institutes set by the Government. (6).In any such training institute, which shall be located within the premises of the well-nigh suitable establishment in the locality or at any other convenient place 51 the trade apprenticesengaged by two or more employers may be imparted basic training. 52 (7) In case of an apprentice other than a graduate or technician apprentice, technician (vocational) apprentice53 the syllabus of, and the equipment to be utilised for, practical training including basic training shall be such as may be approved by the Central Government in consultation with the Central Apprenticeship Council.54 (7-A) In case of graduate or technician apprentices technician (vocational) apprentices55 the programme of apprenticeship training and thefacilities required for such training in any subj ect field in engineering or technology or vocational course56 shall be such as may be approved by the Central Government in consultation with the Central Apprenticeship Council. (8) (a) Recurring cost (including the cost of stipends) incurred by an employer in connection with 57basic training.58, imparted to trade apprentices other than those referred to in clauses (a) and (aa) of Section 6 shall be borne(i) If such employer employs 59two hundred and fifty workers or more, by the employer (ii) If such employer employs less than 60two hundred and fifty workers, by the employer and the Government in equal shares up to such limit as may be laid down by the Central Government and beyond that limit, by the employer alone and _______________________________________ 49. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 50. Subs.by Act 27 of 1973. 51. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 52. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 53. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987). 54. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 55. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 56. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 ( w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 57. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 58. Subs. by Act 4 of 1997. 59. Subs. by Act 4 of 1997. 60. Subs. by Act 4 of 1997. (b) recurring costs (including the cost of stipends), if any, incurred by an employer in connection with 61practical training, including basic training, imparted to trade apprentices referred to in clauses (a) and (aa) of Section 6 shall, in every case, be borne by the employer. 62.(c) recurring costs (excluding the cost of stipends) incurred by an employer in connection with the practical training imparted to graduate or technician apprentices technician (vocational) apprentices63 shall be borne by the employer and the cost of stipends shall be borne by the Central Government and the employer in equal shares up to such limit as may be laid down by the Central Government and beyond that limit, by the employer alone. 10. Related instruction of apprentices(1) 64 A trade apprentice who is undergoing practical training in an establishment shall, during the period of practical training, be given a course of relate instruction ( which shall be appropriate to the trade) approved by the Central Government in consultation with the Central Apprenticeship Council, with a view to giving 65the trade apprentice such theoretical knowledge as he take in order to become fully qualified as a skilled craftsman. (2)Related instruction shall be imparted at the cost of the appropriate Government but the employer shall, when so required, afford all facilities for imparting such instruction. (3) Any time spend by 66a trade apprentice in attending classes on link instruction shall be treated as part of his paid period of work. 67 (4).In case of trade apprentices who, after having undergone a course of institutional training, have passed the trade tests conducted by the National Council or have passed the trade tests and examinations conducted by a Board or State Council of Technical Education or any other authority which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf, the related instruction may be given on such reduced or modified scale as may be prescribed. (5).Where any person has, during his course in technical institution, become a graduate or technician apprentice, 68technician (vocational) apprentice and during his apprenticeship training he has to receive related instruction, then, the employer shall release such person from practical training to receive the related instruction in such institution, for such period as may be specified by the Central Apprenticeship Adviser or by any other person not below the rank of an Assistant Apprenticeship Adviser authorised by the Central Apprenticeship Adviser in writing in this behalf. _________________________________________ 61.Sub. by Act 27 of 1973. 62. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 63. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 ( w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 64. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 65. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 66. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 67. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 68. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987).11. Obligation of employers Without preconceived notion to the other provisions of this Act, every employer shall have the following obligations in relation to an apprentice, namely(a) to provide the apprentice with the training in his trade in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and the rules made thereunder (b)if the employer is not himself qualified in the trade, to ensure that a person 69who possesses the prescribed qualifications is placed in charge of the training of the apprentice * * *70 71 (bb) to provide adequate instructional staff, possessing such qualifications as may be prescribed, for imparting practical and theoretical training and facilities for trade test of apprentices and (c) to carry out his obligations under the contract of apprenticeship. 12. Obligations of apprentices72 74 (1) 73 Every trade apprentice undergoing apprenticeship training shall have t he following obligations, namely(a) to notice his trade conscientiously and diligently and endeavour to cast out himself as a skilled craftsman before the expiry of the period of training (b)to attend practical and instructional classes regularly (c) to carry out all true(a) orders of his employer and superiors in the establishments and (d) to carry out his obligations under the contract of apprenticeship. (2)Every graduate or technician apprentice technician (vocational) apprentice75 undergoing apprenticeship training shall have the following obligations namely(a) to learn his subject field in engineering or technology or vocational course76 conscientiously and diligently at his place of training (b) to attend the practical and instructional classes regularly (c) to carry out all lawful orders of his employers and superiors in the establis.

Sustainability of Singapore as a Sports Tourism Hub Essay Example for Free

Sustainability of capital of capital of capital of Singapore as a Sports tourism Hub Essay1.Introduction1.1.PurposeTo stage an overview of the latest profligate developments in Singapore and evaluate Singapores sustainability in enhancing Singapores position as a sports tourism hub in Asia.1.2.Objectives-Discuss the recent infra expressions constructed for Singapores sporting manufacture -Identify recent initiatives by the Singapore Sports Council -Highlight key inaugural sporting events held recently-Discuss the adadvantages of having Singapore as a sports tourism hub -Discuss limitations faced in the vast run and some measures existence taken -Determine Singapores sustainability in the long run1.3.Definition1.3.1.Sports Tourism (Higham, 2004)All forms of active and passive involvement in sporting activity, fragmentiseicipated in casu all toldy or in an organized way for non-commercial or business/ commercial reasons, that withdraw travel away from the home and work topical anaestheticity.1.3.2.Sustainable Tourism (Higham, 2004)Tourism which is in a form which stomach be maintained its viability in an argona for an indefinite period of time.1.4.Overview of Sports in SingaporeSingapores position in the regional sporting arena has been an discipline of consistent improvements over the years. The outstanding mathematical process from our aspiring young athletes during the Asian Youth Games in 2009, clinching a 4th on the medal count further proved Singapores prowess in sports in this region. With some(prenominal) state-of-the-art sports facilities and structures gentleman constructed in the region, Singapore has been keeping itself up to date with the sports in the region and providing venues for such activities. The upcoming major summer games, Youth exceptional Games 2010 (YOG 2010) will beheld in Singapore as well, with examples of infrastructural and government stick up examined in the report.1.5.Method of InvestigationThis report is an ass essment of research gathitherd through magazines, official and government websites, yearbook reports, news articles and books on sports tourism till 9th February 2010. An email correspondence had to a fault been schematic with Ms Rachel Chan, a staff of HiVelocity who are the organisers for local events like Sundown marathon, Aviva Ironman 70.3 and Mens Health Urbanathlon.2.Local Sports Tourism2.1.Latest Infrastructure Developments2.1.1.Tampines roll TrailConstructed in 2007, the 60-hectare trail will be used for BMX and Mountain Bike (MTB) during the Youth Olympic Games. It has been recently upgraded to make it more technically challenging. Since then, it has hosted several regional MTB events like the Phat tyre Sunday Mountain Bike Race, Bike Asia coulomb and the Eneloop Mountain Bike Carnival.2.1.2.Singapore Turf Club (STC)At its new location next to Kranji MRT Station, the STC is an exemplary architectural centrepiece of a subspeciescourse, with a roof structure inspired by a horse in motion. It houses several grandstands with exclusive and unobstructed viewing for common, inner cardholders and invited guests. With a range of FB, viewing galleries and event rooms, the STC is capable of holding large scale equestrian events.2.1.3.Marina informantThe Marina Reservoir, opened in Nov 1 2008, was part of Singapores plan in diversifying its water system write out by recycling waste water and desalinating sea-water. Being the largest reservoir, it is able to host a variety of water sports including rowing and canoe-kayaking with the Gardens by the Bay a new park next to the reservoir providing an excellent vantage point.2.2.Recent InitiativesSSC has recently launched a nationwide movement called Lets Play. It advocates all Singaporeans to be knotty in sports in all ways, emphasizing on increasing the ease of involving oneself in sports through playing, cheerful or volunteering.The SSC had also launched collaborated with the URA to construct more publ ic parks, park connectors, open communal areas and exercise corners to instigate exercise locally. The implementation of the Dual-Use Scheme, which opens school fields to the public and the opening of Singapores largest integrated colonial in Jurong West with sports facilities and instructional courses complete with retail and food outlets are also part of SSCs efforts to go all out in making citizens live healthily.The establishment of an online lifestyle interactive penetration singaporesports.sg on 6th May 2008 aims to entertain, inform and educates. With a calendar of sporting events, forums, blogs, news on the local and international sports scene, volunteering opportunities as well as a membership system to enjoy discounts and offers at spouse establishments.2.3.Sporting Events2.3.1.Asian Youth GamesThe inaugural Asian Youth Games was held in Singapore between 29 June 2009 and 7 July 2009. It has attracted some 1,300 top juniors, aged 14-17 from 45 National Olympic Council s competing in 9 sports with the aims to build good dealings within the Asian community. 1,100 participants were housed in the Games Village at Swissotel The Stamford which is centrally located. Organised by Singapore Sports Council and Ministry of Education, thither is indeed strong funding and support from the government for this event. The event venues for the 9 sports have also been selectively chosen for their standards. so far, the Games were impended by the cloud of the H1N1 influenza which had infected members of the Hong Kong and Philippines football team. Stringent measures were taken by the Olympic Council Asia toensure early identification and isolation.2.3.2.Aviva Ironman Triathlon 70.3The Ironman triathlon was founded in 1978, with the half-ironman distance of 70.3 miles introduced in 2006. The Singapore discrepancy was formed in 2007 which was also a qualifying event for the Foster Grant Ironman knowledge base Championships in Clearwater Florida USA. This was an incentive for elite and aspiring elites to come to compete in this race. Since then, several veteran and ascension world champions have been exertionured in Singapores version. In the recent 2009 series, 45% of the 1,500 participants were foreigners with utmost spending power as prove by the race fees of around $375 per registration.2.3.3.Mens Health Urbanathlon (MHU)On the 31st January 2010, 1,500 participants gathered at Marina Square for the inaugural Singapore edition of MHU which saw participants completing 8 obstacles over a distance of 12.5km. First held in Chicago and in Britain, the variation of this race emphasises on the one of a kind obstacles in an urban setting. 19% of the participants were foreigners.3.Singapore as a Sports hub3.1.Advantages3.1.1.Increased arrivalsThe direct beneficiaries of this final result include airlines, hotels, food and beverage establishments, tour agencies and the organisers of the race itself. In addition to this, the accompanying fam ilies of participants generate gross through shopping and spending leisure time at tourist attractions. Overseas sponsors and media representatives are also invited to grace the event with their presence and more money would be spent attending to their comfort and enjoyment. sustainment and repairs of equipment are in demand, with foreigners more willing to spend on purchasing of spare parts and fast(a) fixes.3.1.2.Increase direct media presence and popularityDuring major events like the Youth Olympic Games 2010 and Formula 1 Grand Prix, there would be increased media coverage and international focus. Live or replayed telecasts would show emphasis on the race in progress, with the skyline and background infrastructure gaining attention apart from the race.During the 2008 F1 Grand Prix, the line up in the circuit park included entertainment from Zouk DJs, Bob Marleys Wailers, Dim Sum Dollies and the Coyote dreadful girls, accompanied by established FB food stalls. Trees around the circuit park were used as part of a visual art project called Humanature. All these were done to maximise spectator experience, in spot projecting Singapore in a positive light on the world stage, with the skyscrapers of the city in the background, and eye catching structures like the Esplanade standing out. All these would invigorate the viewers senses whether watching overseas or on site and might increase interest to visit Singapore to see these attractions.3.2.Limitations3.2.1.Land scarcenessScarcity of land and early(a) resources has been a constant challenge faced by Singapore. Therefore Singapore has everlastingly placed emphasis on sustainable development and land-use. Ways of optimising the use of natural resources include sourcing for substitute usages for materials or facilities.An example of the land with multiple uses would be the International Convention Centre at Suntec metropolis Singapore. This multi-purpose indoor convention and exhibition centre has hosted t he many huge events and meetings. It would also be used for several sports like boxing, fencing, handball, judo, taekwondo and wrestling during the Youth Olympic Games.However, the challenge would be maximising the potential of land office for multiple land-use in the future, to enhance the potential for larger events to take place in Singapore.3.2.2.Lack of manpowerVolunteers, performers, cheerleaders, referees are some of the essential roles needed to be filled for a sporting event on a big scale to be successful. In Singapore, the Ministry of Education is supporting schools to change curriculum times or test schedules during the Youth Olympic Games. A twinning programme has also been created to pair schools up with the distinguishable countries participating in the Games, to learn more about the country and hosting them when they arrive.These activities and initiatives would by all odds ease the organisers job in integrating the overseas participants into the community and giv e students a chance of making new friends and learning about different cultures. Students would also be encouraged to volunteer themselves in the event and be excited of being part of it.3.2.3.Global Financial CrisisThe recent economy crisis had caught the world by surprise and resulted in the weakening of economies, Singapore was affected as well. However, good corporate governance and foresightedness had led to the quick rebound of the economy. However as construction costs had surged during the crisis, SSCs plan of building a sports hub by 2010 to 2015. As such, Singapore is unable to host the 2013 Southeast Asian Games as initially plan.3.3.SustainabilitySports tourism has been identified as a fast growing industry, with new sports and games being created and flourishing over the recent years. With its current collection of world class sporting venues, Singapore is indeed suitable for hosting large sporting events, logistically and socially providing support.The government has been corroboratory throughout the organisation of sporting events, with the Mr Teo Ser Luck, Minister of Community Development, Youth and Sports being particularly involved in events like Asian Youth Games and Youth YOG 2010. He has been a part of several initiatives, like the collaboration with ITE to provide customised volunteer training for YOG2010, the MindChamps Youth Athlete 3- Days Programme sponsored by Singapore Sports Council for the 100 local athletes at $2,800 per student.Sponsorship has been very successful for the Youth Olympic Games 2010, with Samsung recently announcing its sponsorship of 5,000 smart phones for athletes and officials. With 21 domesticated sponsors and 9 international sponsors as of 6th Feb 2010, Singapore has proven its reliability and capability and gained the sponsors trust.More importantly, Singapore has been able to foresee challenges faced ahead and plan for its future. The Urban Redevelopment Authority has successfully planned for the use of the city as a circuit for the Formula 1 Grand Prix race deal. This feat would not be possible without dedicated research and continuous improvement after each year. Since then, the track has been used for events like Run Singapore 2009 and the upcoming Chingay Parade Singapore 2010.The Marina Reservoir has further proven URAs capability and commitment to sustainable development. With the construction of the barrage, the Marina Reservoir is now the 15th water catchment area and the largest thus far. Not only will Singapore be less reliant on other countries for water, more activities like dragon boating and power boating previously unsuitable could now be conducted there.However, the Singapore Sports Council has not fulfilled some of its promises made, like the construction of the Sports Hub and Changi Race Track , initially schedule to be completed, had been delayed due to rising construction costs and lack of finance. This inconsistency on the governments part had led to losing th e chance of hosting the 2013 SEA Games.As the sporting scene evolves with speciality and novelty events like the Aviva Ironman 70.3 and Mens Health Urbanathlon, space and support has to be given to encourage organisers to increase its capacity. The past 3 editions of Aviva Ironman 70.3 had their registrations capped at 1,500 and a fullparticipation for all years, with 45% of participants being foreigners in the 2009 edition. More locations has been added to the list, with the approval of more road closures like the East bank Parkway Expressway and the Ayer Rajah Expressway during the cycling leg of Aviva Ironman 70.3 in 2008 and the usage of the urban setting in the city for the Urbanathlon.4.ConclusionSingapore, strategically located within South-East Asia and surrounded by sea, has established a good reputation as being easily accessible and suitable for business dealings and trade. With a high standard of living and a socially responsible government, Singapore has managed to rem ain competitory through changing times and braved though health threats and economic crisis. The government has been keeping the nation increasingly involved in sporting events and keeping the infrastructure in Singapore suited to the needs of specialised sports and with multiple uses. The recent events hosted in Singapore include the F1 Grand Prix, Asian Youth Games 2009, Singapore Marathon and Aviva Ironman 70.3.Each successful event held in Singapore, the publicity and exposure to the global stage would affect Singapore as the destination to be for sports, business and leisure. Singapores position would be heighten as a tourism hub, with world class athletes gathering for major events as well, attracting supporters from different countries. This would definitely enhance Singapore as a tourism destination with multiple offerings, with sports tourism adding on to the long list of available options.The sustainability of Singapores sports tourism has thus far been successful with the efforts from the government and public sector, with various ministries working hand in hand through health threats and compromising with schools schedules to make the students available during the YOG period. With the continuous effort and improved consistency of relevant agencies, sports tourism would be a potential market which would flourish in the near future.

Knowledge Development in Nursing Essay Example for Free

companionship Development in Nursing EssayA philosophy of nursing should be all encompassing, with its entry based upon core values and beliefs, while building upon experience. Medicine is often comprised of controversial ethical dilemmas where we must be advocates. In a study that examined the traffichip between nurses and doctors it was determined that Differences in values, communication, trust, and responsibilities crumb devolve conflict between nurses and physicians over ethical components of c atomic number 18. (Corley MC 1998) Developing ones theoretical knowledge and learning how to view as it successfully into their clinical practice is part of the evolving process. The evolution that occurs over the course of a career tail end be empowering. Hence, it is important to lift positive nurse-physician relationships to bolster confidence and grow from those interactions. The importance of positive nurse-physician relationships has been astray acknowledged (Baggs, 1 989 Baggs Schmitt, 1988 Eubanks, 1991 Fagin, 1992 Mechanic Aiken, 1982 Prescott Bowen 1985). Therefore, it is our obligation as professionals to mentor our peers, not only for ourselves, but our patients and families, as well. In an interesting illustration of self disclosure (Kim, H.S., 1999) a practician was able to identify the needs of a patient, but clearly had difficulty communicating the needs of the patient to the physician, although some of the difficulties appeared to be cultural in nature.The way we communicate with one another as practitioners, in addition to, how we collaborate and communicate with physicians has a direct impact on patient outcomes. As practitioners we are restricted in performing our jobs if we can not effectively collaborate with the physician. It is herein that the problem lies. The inexperienced or less assertive practitioner will often find it difficult to approach a physician when faced with perhaps the Do Not Resuscitate order that has yet to be signed. With that being said, approaching a family that needs to be educated on the implications of G-tube placement on their family member with prolonged intubatation and no signs of improvement can be daunting without interdisciplinary support.The more experienced practitioners clinical judgment is more easily verbalizedbecause he/she is comfortable in interdisciplinary collaboration, therefore the physician is more likely to complicate them in the decision making process. For example in an ICU setting where often times the physician does not involve the practitioner in the decision making process or inform them when a decision has been made it generally creates one of three things. A. the nurse will continue to aggressively charter the physician until an order is received B. resort to slow codes, or C. resuscitate all patients until told otherwise by the physician (Michael I Rauchman, BA). All of these things lead to negative outcomes for both the families and patients, and we as practitioners. Future directions of the discipline are revealed when these linkages between philosophy, disciplinary goals, theory, and practice are strengthened (McCurry, et al). It is for these reasons, we as practitioners must continually grow and develop through our experiences, always expanding our knowledge in the ever-changing profession we have chosen.Corley MC (1998). Ethical dimensions of nurse-physician relations in critical-care (The Nursing Clinics of North America) 1998 Jun Vol. 33 (2), pp. 325-37. http//ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.maryville.edu/ehost/detail?vid=19sid=78745a3b-d950-4ea0-890c-4ee4ab4c4b46%40sessionmgr112hid=101bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=cmedmAN=9624207 ISSN0029-6465MICHAEL I. RAUCHMAN, BA medical checkup studentMcGill UniversityMontreal, PQRABKIN MT. GILLERMAN G, RICE NROrders not to resuscitate. N Engi J MedI 976 295 364-366http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.proxy.library.maryville.edu/pmc/articles/PMC1875656/pdf/canmedaj01406-0055.pdfExp ertise in Nursing causeCaring, Clinical Judgment, and Ethics

Contrasting the View of the Ultimate Reality in Relation to Science Essay Example for Free

Contrasting the View of the Ultimate Reality in Relation to Science Es narrateWhat compels mankind to seek unity between, science and religion, two compartmentalized and diaphanous aspects of our orbit? John Polkinghorne states, in Does deity Act in the Physical World, The demand for an coordinated account of both theological and scientific insight impels us to the task (Polkinghorne 59). Yet Polkinghorne is not entirely is his quest in Emptiness and Form Fritjof genus genus Capra bear ons the net earthly concern with the physiologic world. man Polkinghorne and Capra agree on trustworthy ideals, such as the mans inability to fully labor the last and the incorporation of quantum chemical mechanism in each ones respective agate line, they also compare in terms of the religions they use to defend their purpose. This leads to residuals in their views on the supreme and His interaction with the material world. While this leads to two distinct and diverse arguments , I believe that both arguments are equ altogethery presented in a reputable and successful manner.At one point in each of their respective arguments, Polkinghorne and Capra clear state that the understanding of the ultimate humans cannot be fully understood by humankind. Polkinghorne writes, We are a long way from a full understanding of our own powers of agency, let alone how it is that God works in the world (Polkinghorne 74). Due to our limited minds and capabilities, mankind go forth never be able to fully grasp the ultimate honesty in its full essence.It is quite mindboggling, if not impossible, to fully understand the ultimate reality, when it is as an measureless and omnipresent being. The reality underlying all phenomena is beyond all forms and defies all definition and specification (Capra 211). The professor who taught my freshman Colloquium on Science and godliness once stated that God cannot be put in a test tube. While he did say this statement as a means to re fute the existence of an ultimate reality, his assertion is valid in that location is only so oftentimes we can know about the worshipful.It is crucial that both Polkinghorne and Capra affirm this position in send to clarify that while it is possible to unify the ultimate reality with the physical world, we will never fully understand the relationship. In evolution terms, there seems to be a missing link that allows us to plug into both aspects. Also, both Polkinghorne and Capra use the ideas and suppositions of quantum mechanics as set forth when connecting the ultimate reality with the physical world. Capras discussion of electrons and photons becomes the premise for one of his deductions.Capra writes, The full interaction between the electrons will involve a series of photon exchanges (216). This leads to the assertion that there are no straight forces in the subatomic world but that these interactions are due to the exchange of corpuscles, that according to the quantum field theory are created and unmake (Capra 217). These two premises lead Capra to state, The electromagnetic forces are due to the presence of virtual photons at bottom charged particlesandthe forces between particles appear as intrinsic properties of the particles. After deducing this premise Capra goes on to say, such(prenominal) a view of forces is also characteristic of Eastern mysticism which regards motion and change as of the essence(p) and intrinsic properties of all things (221). In order to clarify this statement he utilizes aspects of Chinese religion and explains how this guess of quantum mechanics is connected to the ultimate reality. Like Capra, Polkinghorne makes use of the theories and ideas of quantum mechanics as premise to relate the ultimate with the physical. One of the ideas he uses is the chaos theory.The theory says that events in a disorganized system are hit-or-miss but Polkinghorne employs this theory in his argument in order to show how determinist ic chaos is not a valid argument, which will eventually lead to his idea of an open system. He says, A chaotic system is not totally chaotic in the popular sense, corresponding to absolutely random behavior. in that location are certain possibilities known as a strange attractor and its limited to a certain extent, but this detailed future day behaviour of a chaotic system is unknowable (Polkinhorne 52).Later on in his argument, Polkinghorne discusses the idea of deterministic chaos and cypher it from a polar viewpoint. He writes Instead of adopting the stodgy scheme of saying this shows that simple determinism underlies even apparently complex random behavior, I prefer the realist strategy of seeking the closest alignment of ontology and epistemologywhich has the additional advantage of accommodating the notion of top-down causality in a natural way (Polkinghorne 64).The premise of top-down causality leads to his connection of the ultimate reality with the physical world and that God interacts with the world in a top-down fashion. If the ultimate reality does truly interact with the world, then this will lead to the discussion of an open system in which Polkinghorne also uses the basis of quantum mechanics in order to make a postulation. Another major theories Polkinghorne frequently refers to in his argument is the Heisenbergs precariousness principle, which states that we cannot simultaneously know the position and momentum of whatever particle (53).This idea of uncertainty in the physical world is the premise that leads to Polkinghornes assumption of the universe as an open system. He writes, The gaps of quantum uncertainty operate only in particular circumstancesto produce an openness at the lever of guileless physics (Polkinghorne 60). While Polkinghorne advocates the idea of an open system, it is evident that his counter partner, Capra, sees the universe as a unsympathetic system. One of the major differences between Capra and Polkinghorne is the concept of a closed system versus an open system.Capra respectively agrees and accepts with the view of the universe as a closed system. Capra explains this concept by for the first time explaining the idea of matter and empty space or the full and the void. He discusses how these are interconnected. The two cannot be distinguished (Capra 208). In Eastern religions, this Void has an infinite creative potentialwhichlike the quantum field, it gives birth to an infinite variety of forms which it sustains and eventually reabsorbs (Capra 212).The notion of it sustaining itself and reabsorbing leads to the idea of a system that is set up and is able to suffer itself without the help of an ultimate being. Buddhism expressed this idea of form and emptiness in a iodine undivided entity. Capra quotes, Form is emptiness, and emptiness is indeed form. Emptiness is not different from form, form is not different from emptiness. What is form that is emptiness, what is emptiness that is fo rm (215). Also, Capra states that this form and emptiness is elevated into a vacuum draw that contains an unlimited number of particles which come into being and vanish without end. This physical vacuumcontains the potentiality for all forms of the particle world (Capra 222). This system implies that the relationship between the ultimate reality and the physical world is one where the overlord has set up system and does not intervene in our world. This premise eventually leads to the idea that there is no salvage will and that the universe is determined. This view of the universe completely changes the way we perceive the world. Without free will morals and ethics lose validity and are worthless to society.It is quite evident that Polkinghorne disagrees with this concept and presents his views of an open system. Polkinghorne would classify the idea of a universe as an closed system under a minimalist response which is to decline to speak of particular divine actions and to confin e theological talk to the single great act of holding the universe in being. Polkinghorne believes that most scientists do not even consider this notion of a minimalist to be valid. He states that while God did establish the laws and set up the universe, this does not impede his interaction in the universe (Polkinghorne 54).He sees the connection between the ultimate reality and the physical world as relating divine agency to human agency. Polkinghorne explains, When we act, we seem to do so as total beings (57). Therefore God acts in the aforesaid(prenominal) as humans do, but it is seen as a God in relation to his creation. This premise leads to the top-down notion of the parts depending on the whole. With this top-down premise, Polkinghorne strengthens his argument of an open system by exhibiting that we are dependent on God, whether through the establishment of the laws or divine intervention in the universe.Polkinghorne also classifies the closed system as a block universe. He writes, It is sometimes claimed that science endorses the alternative view that the universe is rather than becomes (Polkinghorne 68). This implies that the universe has a certain determinacy and that God does not act in the universe. Since the universe is, then it is conclusive that God must know the future because it is already determined. The view of the open system appears to be more logical and realistic, but at the depreciate of Gods infinite and omnipresent capabilities.He says, it is the universe of becoming that is the correct picture, then sure as shooting God must know it in its temporality, as it actually is. God must not precisely know that events are successive they must be known in their succession (Polkinghorne 69). While I agree that the universe is an open system, it cannot be at the expenditure of God. Say a person is on a roof looking down at an intersection he can see all and everything laid out before him. He observes two cars coming at the intersection a t the same time and foresees an accident. This is analogous to God and the universe, where God is in a position to see all and predict all.Obviously, this is not a perfect analogy since the person is constricted by time and therefore could be incorrect in his assumptions. Therefore, if we accept the premise that God is infinite and outside the constricts of time, then we can desist that God or the ultimate reality knows the future in an open system. The most crucial difference between the arguments of Polkinghorne and Capra is their definition of the ultimate reality. In each of their respective claims, the view of the ultimate reality has a drastic effect on the outcome of each argument.The belief in certain characteristics of an ultimate reality is important when there is an attempt to connect it to the physical world. Through further analysis of both arguments, it is evident that the difference between Polkinghorne and Capra is basically a westerly Religion versus Eastern Relig ion discussion. It is evident that Capra takes the side of Eastern Religion his book is titled The Tao of Physics An Exploration of the Parallels betwixt Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism. Throughout his argument he constantly refers to the ideas and beliefs of religions such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese religion.He quotes from their texts in an attempt to connect their ultimate reality with the physical world. On the other hand, Polkinghorne utilizes Western religion as a means of connecting the ultimate reality with the physical world. Specifically he uses the determine and teachings of Christian traditions. He says that the discussion of the unity of the ultimate reality and the physical world is a fadeless issue on the Christian agenda (Polkinghorne 48). One aspect of the arguments that I found to be confound was the use of the same laws of the physical world as at he basis of each origins respective argument.Obviously, Polkinghorne and Capra have their own agenda an d argument. Therefore, what does this say about the laws of the physical world can they simply manipulate to agree with any form of the ultimate? This cannot be valid or then the laws of the physical world can be disfigured in order to fit any belief system or value either Polkinghorne must be right and Capra wrong, or vice versa. We cannot accept this dualistic view of the world that the universe can be open in some instances and closed in others.Yet, this view arises when we fail to realize that there is one ultimate reality or truth. If there was one truth, then there would only be one way to connect this ultimate to the physical world. At the same time, we cannot say that Polkinghorne is correct and Capra is wrong, or vice versa. If the premises that they base their arguments off are valid then we cannot deduce which argument is better, but only say that it is a conflict of realities. The success of the arguments lies in the belief of the premises of the religious and physical w orld.Faith is the true deciding factor that will allow us to declare a winner in this interest of the unity of the ultimate reality and the physical world. If we assume that the premises of the physical world and quantum mechanics in each argument to be the same, then the only significant difference between each argument is the view of the ultimate reality. Since I have Christian traditions and beliefs I would strongly side with Polkinghornes argument. Yet, if there is a person who has no solid beliefs, then these two arguments would seem valid and justifiable in their eyes, due to their lack of knowledge of the ultimate reality.