Labor Laws Essay Example for Free

Labor Laws tryShort title, extent, commencement Definitions CHAPTER II Apprentices and their instruct 3. Qualifications for universe industrious as an train 3-A. Reservation of cooking send offs for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in designated parcel outs. 4. Contract of scholarship 5. Novation of pick out of prepareship 6. Period of apprenticeship reproduction 7. Termination of apprenticeship produce 8. count of apprentices for a designated mickle 9. Practical and basic cookery of apprentices 10. Related way of apprentices 11. Obligations of employers 1.The be redeem came into force on March 1, 1962 vide GSR 246, dated Feb. 12,1962 2. Published in Gazette of India, Pt. II, S. 1, dated declination 30,1964. 3. Published in Gazette of India, Pt. II, S. 1, dated May 24, 1968 and came into force on August 15,1968. 4. lick 27 of 1973 came into force w. e. f. December 1, 1974 vide GSR 1293, dated November 1974 5. defend 41 of 1986 came into force w . e. f. December 16,1987 vide GSR 974(E), dated December 10, 1987 6. represent 4 of 1997 came into force w. e. f. January 8, 1997. 12. Obligations of apprentices 13. Payment to apprentices 14. Health, safety and welf be of apprentices.15. Hours of work, overtime, leave and holidays 16. Employers liability for compensation for injury 17. take aim and discipline 18. Apprentices are trainees and not workers 19. Records and returns 20. Settlement of disputes 21. Holding of test and grant of award and conclusion of tuition 22. Offer and acceptance of employment CHAPTER III AUTHORITIES 23. Authorities 24. Constitution of Councils 25. Vacancies not to invalidate acts and legal proceeding 26. Apprenticeship consultants 27. Deputy and Assistant Apprenticeship 28. Apprenticeship advisors to be public servants 29. business leaders of entry, inspection, etc. 30. Offences and penalties 31. Penalty where not specific penalty is provided 32. Offences by companies 33. Cognizance of offences 34. Delegation of powers 35. Construction of references 36. Protection of action taken in good faith 37. Power to coerce rule 38 (Repealed) THE SCHEDULE An defend to provide for the regulation and control of raising of apprentices and for 7 * * * matters connected therewith. Be it enacted by Parliament in the Twelfth Year of the Republic of India as follows preceding(prenominal) Note The venture was introduced in the form of a bill on August 19,1961.For evokement of Objects and Reasons, grab Gazette of India, Extra. , Part II, Section 2, dated August 19,1961. ________________________________________ 7. Omitted by prompt 27 of 1973. CHAPTER I preliminary examination 1. Short title, extent, commencement and application (1) (2) (3) (4) 2. This spiel whitethorn be called the Apprentices Act, 1961. It extends to the whole of India. * * *8 It shall come into force on much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) date as the aboriginal governing body may, by notification in the formalised Gazette, substructurealise and different dates may be appointed for different States.The provisions of this Act shall not apply to (a) all area or to some(prenominal) industry in whatsoever(prenominal) area unless the infralying administration by notification in the Official Gazette specifies that area or industry as an area or industry to which the said provisions shall apply with effect from much(prenominal) date as may be menti superstard in the notification 9 (b) * * * 10 (c) both such special apprenticeship scheme for pass on homework to apprentices as any(prenominal) be notified by the aboriginal organisation in the Official Gazette.Definition In this Act, unless the context of use another(prenominal)wise requests,11 (a) AllIndia Council meat the All India Council of Technical facts of life established by the resolution of the regime of India in the former Ministry of Education No. F. 16-10/44-E-III, dated the 30t h November, 1945) 12 (aa)apprentice means a soul who is lowgoing apprenticeship dressing 13* * * in pursuance of a fetch of apprenticeship ____________________________________________ 8.Omitted by Act 25 of 1968. 9. Omitted by Act 27 of 1973. 10. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 11. The original clause (a) renumbered as clause (aa) and a clause (a) inserted by Act 27 of 1973.12. The original clause (a) renumbered as clause (aa) and a clause (a) inserted by Act 27 of 1973. 13. Omitted by Act 27 of 1973 14 (aaa)apprenticeship training means a channel of training in any industry or judicature undergone in pursuance of a contract of apprenticeship and under impose terms and conditions which may be different for different categories of apprentices (b) Apprenticeship advisor means the important Apprenticeship advisor appointed under sub- discussion section (1) of Section 26 or the State.Apprenticeship Adviser appointed under sub-section (2) of that section (c) Apprenticeship Council me ans the primaeval Apprenticeship Council or the State Apprenticeship Council established under sub-section (1) of Section 24 (d) appropriate regimen means (1) in parity to (a) the central Apprenticeship Council, or 15 (aa) the Regional Boards, or (aaa) the virtual(a) training of graduate or technician apprentices or of technician (vocational) apprentices, or (b) any government activity of any railway, major port, mine or oilfield, or (c)any establishment owned, controlled or managed by (i).The aboriginal establishment or a part of Central political sympathies, (ii) a company in which not less than fifty-one per cent of the share bang-up is held by the Central Government on partly by that Government and partly by one or to a greater extent(prenominal) State Governments, (iii) a corporation (including a co-operative society) established by or under a Central Act which is owned, controlled or managed by the Central Government (2) in relation to (a) a State Apprenticeship Co uncil, or (b) any establishment other than an establishment stipulate insub-clause (1) of this clause, the State Government 16 (dd).Board or State Council of Technical Education means the Board or State Council of Technical Education established by the State Government (e) designated mint 17means any trade or occupation or any subject field in engineer or technology or any vocational parentage18 which the Central Government, after consultation with the Central Apprenticeship Council, may, by notification in the Official Gazette, allot as a designated trade for the purposes of this Act__________________________________________ 14. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 15. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973 and subs. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2(w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 16. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 17. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 18. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987). (f) (g) (h) (i) 20 (j) (k) (l) employer means any person who employs one or more other persons to do any work in an establishment for re muneration and includes any person entrusted with the care and control of employees in such establishmentestablishment includes any place where any industry is carried on 19and where an establishment consists of different departments or have branches, whether situated in the like place or at different places, all such departments or branches shall be treated as part of the establishments establishment in private sector means an establishment which is not an establishment in public sector establishment in private sector means an establishment which is not led or managed by (1) the Government or a department of the Government (2)A Government company as defined in Section 617 of theCompanies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) (3) a corporation (including a co-operative society) established by or under a Central, tyke or State Act, which is owned, controlled or managed by the Government (4) a local authority graduate or technician apprentice means an apprentice who holdups, or is undergoing trai ning in order that he may hold a degree or diploma in engineering or technology or combining weight qualification granted by any institution recognised by the Government and undergoes apprenticeship training in any such subject field in engineering or technology as may be prescribeindustry means any industry or business in which any trade, occupation or subject field in engineering or technology or any vocational course21 may be specified as a designated trade National Council means the National Council for dressing in Vocational Trades established by the resolution of the Government of India in the Ministry of Labour (Directorate General of re isthmustlement and Employment ) No. TR/E. P. 24/56, dated the 21st August 1956 22 and re-named as the National Council for Vocational Training by the resolution of the Government of India in the Ministry of Labour (DirectorateGeneral of Employment and Training) No.DGET/12/21/80-TC, dated the 30th September, 1981 __________________________ _______________ 19. Ins. by Act 4 of 1997 20. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 21. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 22. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) (m) 23 prescribed means prescribed by the rules made under this Act (mm)Regional Board means any board of Apprenticeship Training registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860), at Bombay, Calcutta, Madras or Kanpur (n) State includes a Union Territory (o)State Council means a State Council for Training in Vocational Trades established by the State Government (p) State Government in relation to a Union Territory, means the Administrator thereof 24 (pp) Technician (vocational) apprentice means an apprentice who holds or is undergoing training in order that he may hold a certificate in vocational course involving two years of study after the bound of the secondary distributor point of enlighten education recognised by the All-India Council and undergoes apprenticeship training in such subject field in any vocational course as may be prescribed 25 (q) trade apprentice means an apprentice who undergoes apprenticeship training in any such trade or occupation as may be prescribed 26 (r) worker means any persons who is assiduous for wages in any kind of work and who gets his wages directly from the employer but shall not include an apprentice referred to in clause(aa). ________________________________________ 23. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 24. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986, S. 2 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 25. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 26. Ins. by Act 4 of 1997. CHAPTER II APPRENTICES AND THEIR TRAINING 3.Qualifications for being utilized as an apprentice A person shall not be qualified for being engaged as an apprentice to undergo apprenticeship training in any designated trade, unless he(a) is not less than fourteen years of age, and (b) satisfies such standards of education and physical seaworthiness as may be prescribed Provided that different standards may be prescribed in re lation to apprenticeship training in different designated trades 27and for different categories of apprentices. 28 3-A. Reservation of training places for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in designated trades (1).(2) in each designated trade, training places shall be reserved by the employer for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes 29 and where there is more than one designated trade in an establishment, such training places shall be reserved also on the dry land of the total number of apprentices in all the designated trades in such establishment . the number of training places to be reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes under sub-section (1) shall be such as may be prescribed, having postulate to the population of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the State concerned.Explanation- In this section, the sides Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes shall have the meanings as in clauses (24) and (25) of Article 366 of the Co nstitution. 30 4. Contract of apprenticeship (1) No person shall be engaged as an apprentice to undergo apprenticeship training in a designated trade unless such person or, if he is minor, his guardian has entered into a contract of apprenticeship with the employer. (2)The apprenticeship training shall be deemed to have commenced on the date on which the contract of apprenticeship has been entered into under sub-section (1). _________________________________________ 27. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 28. Ins. by Act 27 0f 1973. 29. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 30. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. (3) Every contract of apprenticeship may contain such terms and conditions as may be agreed to by the parties to the contractProvided that no such term or condition shall be dissonant with any provision of this Act or any rule made thereunder. (4) (5) (6) 5. Every contract of apprenticeship entered into under sub-section (1) shall be sent by the employer within such plosive as may be pre scribed to the Apprenticeship Adviser for registration.The Apprenticeship Adviser shall not register a contract of apprenticeship unless he is satisfied that the person draw as an apprentice in the contract is qualified under this Act for being engaged as an apprentice toundergo apprenticeship training in the designated trade specified in the contract.Where the Central Government, after consulting the Central Apprenticeship Council, makes any rule varying the terms and conditions of apprenticeship training of any category of apprentices undergoing such training, then, the terms and conditions of every contract of apprenticeship relating to that category of apprentices and subsisting immediately before the making of such rule shall be deemed to have been change accordingly. Novation of contracts of apprenticeship Where an employer with whom a contract of apprenticeship has been entered into, is for any reason unable to fulfil his obligations under the contract and with the approval of the Apprenticeship Adviser it is agreed betwixt the employer, the apprentice or his guardian and any other employer that the apprentice shall be engaged as apprentice under the other employer for the un-expired portion of the period of apprenticeship training, the agreement, on registration with the Apprenticeship.Adviser, shall be deemed to be the contract of apprenticeship between the apprentice or his guardian and other employer, and on and from the date of such registration, the contract of apprenticeship with the first employer shall terminate and no obligation under the contract shall be enforceable at the guinea pig of any party to the contract against the other party thereto. 6.Period of apprenticeship training The period of apprenticeship training, which shall be specified in the contract of apprenticeship, shall be as follows(a) In the suit of clothes of 31trade apprentices who, having undergone institutional training in a school or other institution recognised by the National Council, have passed the trade tests 32or examinations conducted by 33 that Council or by an institution recognised by that Council, the period of apprenticeship training shall be such as may be get a lined by that Council _______________________________________ 31. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 32. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 33. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 34.(aa) in compositors case of trade apprentices who, having undergone institutional training in a school or other institution affiliated to or recognised by a Board or State Council of Technical Education or any other authority which the Central Government may, by notification in the official gazette get in this behalf, have passed the trade tests 35 or examinations conducted by that Board or State Council or authority, the period of apprenticeship training shall be such as may be prescribed(b) in the case of other 36trade apprentices, the period of apprenticeship training shall be such as may be prescr ibed 37 (c) in the case of graduate or technician apprentices, technician (vocational) apprentices38 and the period of apprenticeship training shall be such as may be prescribed. 7. Termination of apprenticeship contract (1) The contract of apprenticeship shall terminate on the expiry of the period of apprenticeship training. (2)Either party to a contract of apprenticeship may make an application to the Apprenticeship Adviser for the termination of the contract, and when such application is made, shall send by post a feign thereto to the other party to the contract. (3) After tradeing the contents of the application and the objections, if any, filed by the other party, the Apprenticeship Adviser may, by order in pen, terminate the contract, if he is satisfied that the parties to the contract or any of them have or has failed to hunt checkmate out the terms and conditions of the contract and it is desirable in the interests of the parties or any of them to terminate the same 39 .(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act, where a contract of apprenticeship has been terminated by the Apprenticeship Adviser before the expiry of the period of apprenticeship training and a new contract of apprenticeship is being entered into with a employer, the Apprenticeship Adviser may, if he satisfied that the contract of apprenticeship with the previous employer could not be completed because of any lapse on the part of the previous employer, permit the period of apprenticeship training already undergone by the apprentice with his previous employer to be included in the period of apprenticeship training to be undertaken with the new employer. ____________________________________________ 34. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 35. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 36. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 37. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 38. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986. 39. Ins. by Act 4 of 1997. (a) (b) 8.Provided that where a contract is terminatedfor failure on the part of the employer to carry out the terms and conditions of the contract, the employer shall pay to the apprentice such compensation as may prescribed for such failure on the part of the apprentice, the apprentice or his guardian shall refund to the employer as cost of training such amount as may be determined by the Apprenticeship Adviser.Number of apprentices for a designated trade 40 (1) the Central Government shall, after consulting the Central Apprenticeship Council, by order notified in the Official Gazette, determine for each designated trade the ratio or trade apprentices to workers other than unskilled workers in that tradeProvided that cipher contained in this sub-section shall be deemed to prevent any employer from engaging a number of trade apprentices in excess of the ratio determined under this sub-section. (2) 3) in determining the ratio under sub-section (1), the Central Government shall have regard to the facilities available for apprenticeship training unde r this Act in the designated trade concerned as rise up as to the facilities that may have to be made available by an employer for the training of graduate or technician apprentices technician (vocational) apprentices41, if any, in pursuance of any bring out issued to him under sub-section (3-A) by the Central Apprenticeship Adviser or such other person as is referred to in that sub-section.the Apprenticeship Adviser may, by notice in writing, require an employer to engage such number of trade apprentices within the ratio determined by the Central Government for any designated trade in his establishment, to undergo apprenticeship training in that trade and the employer shall comply with such segregation Provided, that in making any requisition under this sub-section, the Apprenticeship Adviser shall have regard to the facilities actually available in the establishment concerned. _______________________________________________________ 40. 41. Sub-Sections (1), (2), (3) and (3-A), subs. by Act 27 of 1973 Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987).42 Provided further that the Apprenticeship Adviser may, ona representation made to him by an employer and keeping in view the more hardheaded employment potential, training facilities and other relevant factors, permit him to engage such a number of apprentices for a designated trade as is lesser than a number arrived at by the ratio for that trade, not being lesser than twenty per cent of the number so arrived at, subject to the condition that the employer shall engage apprentices in other trades in excess in number equivalent to such shortfall. (3-A) the Central Apprenticeship Adviser or any other person not below the run of an Assistant Apprenticeship Adviser authorised by the Central Apprenticeship Adviser in writing in this behalf shall, having regard to(i) the number of managerial persons (including technical and supervisory persons) employed in a designated trade (ii) the number of management trainees en gaged in the establishment (iii)The totality of the training facilities available in a designated trade and (iv)such other factors as he may consider fit in the circumstances of the case, by notice in writing, require an employer to impart training to such number of graduate or technician apprentices technician (vocational) apprentices43, in such trade in his establishment as may be specified in such notice and the employer shall comply with such requisition.Explanation In this sub-section the expression management trainee means a person who is engaged by an employer for undergoing a course of training in the establishment of the employer ( not being apprenticeship training under this Act) subject to the condition that on successful completion of such training, such person shall be employed by the employer on a regular basis. (4) some(prenominal) employers may join together for the purpose of providing realistic training to the apprentices under them by moving them between their respective establishments. (5)Where, having regard to the public interest, a number of apprentices in excess of the ratio determined by the Central Government 44 or in excess of the number specified in a notice issued under sub-section (3-A) should, in the opinion of the appropriate Government be trained, the appropriate Government may require employers to train the additional number of apprentices. (6)Every employer to whom such requisition as aforesaid is made, shall comply with the requisition if the Government concerned makes available such additional facilities and such additional financial assistance as are considered necessary by the Apprenticeship Adviser for the training of the additional number of apprentices. __________________________________________ 42. Ins. by Act 4 of 1997. 43. Ins.by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 44. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. (7) 9. Any employer not satisfied with the finish of the Apprenticeship Adviser under sub-section (6), may make a refer ence to the Central Apprenticeship Council and such reference shall be decided by a perpetration thereof appointed by that Council for the purpose and the decision of that Committee shall be final. Practical and basic training of apprentices(1) Every employer shall make suitable arrangements in his workshop for impart a course of functional training to every apprentice engaged by him in consonance with the architectural plan canonical by the Apprenticeship Adviser. 45.(2) The Central Apprenticeship Adviser or any other person not below the rank of an Assistant Apprenticeship Adviser authorised by the State Apprenticeship Adviser in writing in this behalf shall be given all reasonable facilities for access to each such apprentice with a view to test his work and to ensure that the practical training is being imparted in accordance with the approved programmeProvided that 46the State Apprenticeship Adviser or any other person not below the rank of an Apprenticeship Adviser autho rised by the State Apprenticeship Adviser in writing in this behalf shall also be given such facilities in respect of apprentices undergoing training in establishments in relation to which the appropriate Government is the State Government. 47.(3) Such of the trade apprentices as have got undergone institutional training in a school or other institution recognised by the National Council or any other institution affiliated to or recognised by a Board or State Council of Technical Education or any other authority which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf, shall, before admission in the workshop for practical training, undergo a course of basic training. (3)Where an employer employs in his establishment five hundred or more workers, the basic training shall be imparted to 48the trade apprentices either in separate parts of the workshop building or in a separate building which shall be set up by the employer himself, but the appr opriate Government may grant loans to the employer on easy terms and repayable by easy installments to meet the cost of the land, formulation and equipment for such separate building. __________________________________________ 45. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 46. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 47. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 48. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 49.(4-A)Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (4), if the number of apprentices to be trained at any time in any establishment in which five hundred or more workers are employed, is less than twelve the employer in relation to such establishment may depute all or any of such apprentices to any Basic Training Centre or Industrial Training comprise for basic training in any designated trade, in either case, run by the Government. (4-B).Where an employer deputes any apprentice under sub-section (4-A), such employer shall pay to the Government the expenses incurred by the Government on such training, at such rate as may be specified by t he Central Government . (5) Where an employer employs in his establishment less than five hundred workers, the basic training shall be imparted to 50the trade apprentices in training institutes set by the Government. (6).In any such training institute, which shall be located within the premises of the well-nigh suitable establishment in the locality or at any other convenient place 51 the trade apprenticesengaged by two or more employers may be imparted basic training. 52 (7) In case of an apprentice other than a graduate or technician apprentice, technician (vocational) apprentice53 the syllabus of, and the equipment to be utilised for, practical training including basic training shall be such as may be approved by the Central Government in consultation with the Central Apprenticeship Council.54 (7-A) In case of graduate or technician apprentices technician (vocational) apprentices55 the programme of apprenticeship training and thefacilities required for such training in any subj ect field in engineering or technology or vocational course56 shall be such as may be approved by the Central Government in consultation with the Central Apprenticeship Council. (8) (a) Recurring cost (including the cost of stipends) incurred by an employer in connection with 57basic training.58, imparted to trade apprentices other than those referred to in clauses (a) and (aa) of Section 6 shall be borne(i) If such employer employs 59two hundred and fifty workers or more, by the employer (ii) If such employer employs less than 60two hundred and fifty workers, by the employer and the Government in equal shares up to such limit as may be laid down by the Central Government and beyond that limit, by the employer alone and _______________________________________ 49. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 50. Subs.by Act 27 of 1973. 51. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 52. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 53. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987). 54. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 55. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 56. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 ( w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 57. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 58. Subs. by Act 4 of 1997. 59. Subs. by Act 4 of 1997. 60. Subs. by Act 4 of 1997. (b) recurring costs (including the cost of stipends), if any, incurred by an employer in connection with 61practical training, including basic training, imparted to trade apprentices referred to in clauses (a) and (aa) of Section 6 shall, in every case, be borne by the employer. 62.(c) recurring costs (excluding the cost of stipends) incurred by an employer in connection with the practical training imparted to graduate or technician apprentices technician (vocational) apprentices63 shall be borne by the employer and the cost of stipends shall be borne by the Central Government and the employer in equal shares up to such limit as may be laid down by the Central Government and beyond that limit, by the employer alone. 10. Related instruction of apprentices(1) 64 A trade apprentice who is undergoing practical training in an establishment shall, during the period of practical training, be given a course of relate instruction ( which shall be appropriate to the trade) approved by the Central Government in consultation with the Central Apprenticeship Council, with a view to giving 65the trade apprentice such theoretical knowledge as he take in order to become fully qualified as a skilled craftsman. (2)Related instruction shall be imparted at the cost of the appropriate Government but the employer shall, when so required, afford all facilities for imparting such instruction. (3) Any time spend by 66a trade apprentice in attending classes on link instruction shall be treated as part of his paid period of work. 67 (4).In case of trade apprentices who, after having undergone a course of institutional training, have passed the trade tests conducted by the National Council or have passed the trade tests and examinations conducted by a Board or State Council of Technical Education or any other authority which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf, the related instruction may be given on such reduced or modified scale as may be prescribed. (5).Where any person has, during his course in technical institution, become a graduate or technician apprentice, 68technician (vocational) apprentice and during his apprenticeship training he has to receive related instruction, then, the employer shall release such person from practical training to receive the related instruction in such institution, for such period as may be specified by the Central Apprenticeship Adviser or by any other person not below the rank of an Assistant Apprenticeship Adviser authorised by the Central Apprenticeship Adviser in writing in this behalf. _________________________________________ 61.Sub. by Act 27 of 1973. 62. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 63. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 ( w. e. f. 16-12-1987) 64. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 65. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 66. Subs. by Act 27 of 1973. 67. Ins. by Act 27 of 1973. 68. Ins. by Act 41 of 1986 (w. e. f. 16-12-1987).11. Obligation of employers Without preconceived notion to the other provisions of this Act, every employer shall have the following obligations in relation to an apprentice, namely(a) to provide the apprentice with the training in his trade in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and the rules made thereunder (b)if the employer is not himself qualified in the trade, to ensure that a person 69who possesses the prescribed qualifications is placed in charge of the training of the apprentice * * *70 71 (bb) to provide adequate instructional staff, possessing such qualifications as may be prescribed, for imparting practical and theoretical training and facilities for trade test of apprentices and (c) to carry out his obligations under the contract of apprenticeship. 12. Obligations of apprentices72 74 (1) 73 Every trade apprentice undergoing apprenticeship training shall have t he following obligations, namely(a) to notice his trade conscientiously and diligently and endeavour to cast out himself as a skilled craftsman before the expiry of the period of training (b)to attend practical and instructional classes regularly (c) to carry out all true(a) orders of his employer and superiors in the establishments and (d) to carry out his obligations under the contract of apprenticeship. (2)Every graduate or technician apprentice technician (vocational) apprentice75 undergoing apprenticeship training shall have the following obligations namely(a) to learn his subject field in engineering or technology or vocational course76 conscientiously and diligently at his place of training (b) to attend the practical and instructional classes regularly (c) to carry out all lawful orders of his employers and superiors in the establis.