Discuss Classic Film Posters Essay Example for Free

Discuss Classic Film Posters EssayIntroductionMovie throwaways today are considered collectibles and elevated aces fetch high prices. Great pictorial matter posters are hard to find. Historically, most posters are cut and paste jobs that do not sell the movie actually well while a great poster could intrigue, shock, inspire as well as excite. To create sensation and convince viewers, it should be aesthetically fair or original as well memorable that a single glance will make the viewer go inside the theatre to watch. jibe to Kinross (1991), computer graphic purport is the activity that evolved out of what has been known as commercial art closely linked to advertising, drawn or painted illustration. The graphic ornamentalist is generally acknowledged among themselves as professional designers who are able to work across a range of fields with different media including companies and corporate bodies, book or magazine publishing, exhibition design, signing and architectura l graphics, television graphics, posters, among others.Hollis acknowledged that up to the Second World War, artists who are either painters or sculptors such as Kurt Schwitters, Willi Baumeister, and Friedrich Vordemberge-Gildewart. He also added that there had been a crisis in design as computerized designers go off in hotshot direction led by Basel-Wolfgang Weingart and commercially true by April Greiman and the New Wave of Americans (Kinross, 1991). It was something to do with graphic and typographic freedom and with making parvenue images, presenting information as a decorative style emerged from the new technology of the computer, Hollis said (Kinross, 1991, p 75). Hollis also believed then that the graphic designer does not control the content of what he or she is designing.He also notice that in postmodernism, there is a large element of eclecticism that borrow past styles and apply them such as what Bruno Mongunzzi, a classic modern setter and an intelligent designer wh o is not highly original with the notion of I dont want to be interesting, I want to be good, (p 75). Hollis de absorbate art as pre aesthetic information while graphics is information which could inevitably become aesthetic.Hollis and Kinross agree that graphic design is modernism in the graphic field the conjunction of image and school text (p 76) of which Hollis emphasized the importance of the relationship between image and text. Lithography (from 1800) was credited to allow joining of image and text laboriously by hand. Likewise, aside from text and image, there was also the conjunction of image and image where photography provided raw material for montage such as keister Heartfields, and by making surrealism possible images which appeared to be machine-made.Photography was considered as the central generator of graphic design of the modern movement citing the Volkswagen advertisement in incident (Kinross, 1991). Design as also closely linked, if not overlapped with advert ising starting the 1960s. Hollis proposed that it was difficult to separate graphics from marketing which is, a distinctly bourgeois activity, which has occasionally, in all probability through pop music, had connections with some sort of mass culture, (Kinross, 1991, p 79-80).This paper shall try to discuss the organization, design, use of colour, spatial layout, and lettering in the movie posters The codt on the River Kwai, The Guns of Navarone, The Magnificent Seven, and The Great Escape with the above premise.DiscussionThe Bridge on the River Kwai.DesignThis poster uses period book-case design with an obvious elongated presentation. The type spacing or leading is not controlled and seem to take up much quadriceps femoris to provide cramped texts that followed, including the movie title. It also uses illustrations in mould format from the downheartedest image to a lower place, a bigger image above it, and the biggest one showing up close in action the lead character.In fac t, the rectangle below the introductory four-line texts seem to be a book cover superimposed on the lower small image with the matching text so that the poster seem to have used a book cover itself.ColorThe use of color is impressive as the classic eye-catching combining of lily-livered and red are used. A little of blue text complemented the overall mix of colors.Spatial Lay-outAs mentioned earlier, there seem to be a followed proclivity to use a book cover format with introductory catch lines above and supporting details just below the book cover image. The concept, although chronic than the usual movie poster, is impressive.LetteringType fonts were already used in this print but the title The Bridge on the River Kwai is definitely hand-executed in bold, uneven manner which is very prominent.The Guns of Navarone.DesignThis one uses comics-type illustration and classic poster size to present strong images of the lead characters and the sea. Already, the use of the classic movie poster lay-out is laid and presented making this one in hand-lettering and cut and paste rendition one for the books.ColorThe use of the colour/brown and red combination is another notable characteristic of this movie poster. It is catchy with a huge single image in symmetrical sense of equilibrium with the lead credits. However, its catch line superimposed on the image is not very noticeable or striking.LetteringThe Guns of Navarone is also hand-executed with uneven yet type-cast style showing ethnic beguile in the design and lettering. The bigger presentation of the lead character names overshadow the movie title, showing that the characters are more saleable than the story plot. Or that each could help sell the other. A witty approach towards commercialism.Spatial Lay-outThe use of space and overall design of the poster is pleasing and symmetrical. It is also-well-balanced and does not frame the attention away from it.The Magnificent Seven.DesignThe Magnificent Seven uses the number image as its main design structure showcasing the face of the lead characters. It has a convincing approach to the use of graphics and confining images in a relevant manner so as to emphasize the number.ColorOnce again, the colors red and yellow are very homely in this poster although the gray, black and white images of the faces and heads confined within the number add a balance that mutes the overwhelming yellow. The use of the neutrals or muted hues is very rational as use of human flesh colors could drown the effect red and yellow provide. However, additional color on the images below the number 7 could have provided more impact, intrigue and variety.Spatial Lay outThe lay-out is quite crampy within the control of the number 7, with much waste on the sides of each space. The limitation could have been the effect of printing graphics at that time. Use of machine is already evident at this poster and the font sizes and the wasted spaces provide a glimpse of experimentati on being used.LetteringA combination of hand-executed lettering and machine type, this one shows the limitation of graphic design during the period.The Great Escape.DesignConsidered the quad poster, this one uses horizontal design to present the entire poster. The balance is achieved through the placement of small catch line on the left and the title and image on the center-right.ColorThe use of basic red and blue is very effective as black balances the off-white color of the reversed title in big fat fonts.Spatial lay outThere is also the experimentation of text size in this poster. While balance is being achieved, there is also the wastage of some space where the catch line could have gained advantage. However, since commercial design was in its adolescent stage, this is forgivable.LetteringMachine seems to be the evident executor at this poster. Every letter size and type are uniformed and the limited use of space made it more obvious.ConclusionThe period when photographs are har dly used, comic and book art illustrations were used in movie posters. These posters achieved classic popularity and acceptance due to use of what are typically accepted design concepts at that time use of basic colors red, yellow and blue which appear striking against one another at the same time catchy in the commercial sense, attainment of balance and symmetry by not tilting the meter of text and photos to yet a single side, or plain use of centering. The lay-out and ettering are evidently limited due to time and resources restrictions. However, in a period when posters were used as announcements and not exactly collectible graphic arts, these are acceptable norms for movie posters.Current trends, however, whitethorn provide new design concepts that may or may not be considered acceptable in any other given period. Design mutates, and popular taste is conditioned, influenced, as well as acquired. So does design and movie posters.ReferenceKinross, Robin (1992). Conversation with Richard Hollis on Graphic Design History. Journal of Design History 5 (3) 73-93.Hershenson, Bruce (1998). A History of Movie Posters. prowl Classics.

Political philosophy Essay Example for Free

Political philosophy Essaycognition IS FORMED AND ACQUIRED IN THE COURSE OF OUR LIFE THOUGH COGNITION AND IT IS non INBORN AND DEVELOPS FROM OUR stimulate IGNORANCE. JOHN LOCKE COMP beD IT WITH TABULA RASA OR SOME SORT OF A BLANK SHEET UPON WHICH notHING IS WRITTEN. THESE atomic number 18 DATA OR IMAGES OF THE OBJECT WHICH STIMULATED OUR SENSE-ORGANS-SIGHT, HEARING, TOUCH, TASTE AND heart argon, IN A MANNER OF SPEAKING, RAW-MATERIALS WHICH OUR BRAIN FORMS, THROUGH ABSTRACTION, INTO CONCEPTS OR IDEAS, AND WHICH WE EXPRESS IN SIGNS OR LANGUAGE. at that place ARE TWO OBSTACLES TO COGNITION THE BIASES WHICH BECLOUD THE gracious MIND AS IDOLS AND THE ERRORS IN agreementING WHICH ARE THE SO CALLED FALLACIES. REASONING IS A MEANS FOR ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE tho IF IT IS FALLACIOUS IT CANNOT YIELD BUT DECEPTION. muchOVER THERE ARE THREE THEORIES OF KNOWLEDGE NAMELY EMPIRICISM, RATIONALISM AND INTUITIONISM. IN EMPIRICISM, KNOWLEDGE COMES FROM EXPERIENCE AND EXPERIENCE IS A SENSE OF PE RCEPTION WHICH may BE UNDERSTOOD AS DIRECT OBSERVATION BY THE SENSES OR INDIRECT BY USING factor OR BY EXPERIMENTATION. EMPIRICISM TEACHES THAT WHAT WE SEE, HEAR, TOUCH, OR SMELL, IS ALL THAT WE CAN KNOW. OUTSTANDING EXPONENTS OF EMPIRICISM WERE JOHN LOCKE, GEORGE BERKELEY, DAVID HUME AND THE SO-CALLED LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHERS. RATIONALISM MAINTAINS THAT REASON IS THE SOURCE AND TEST OF KNOWLEDGE AND NOT SENSE-PERCEPTION.KNOWLEDGE CONSISTS OF CONCEPTS WHICH reason out ABOUT THE NATURE OF REALITY SO THAT IT HAS A UNIVERSAL AND PERMANENT CHARACTER. IT IS THE REASON OR THE INTELLECT WHICH MANUFACTURES THE DATA INTO CONCEPTS, JUDGMENTS AND LAWS, AND THAT IS HOW OUR KNOWLEDGE IS FORMED. WHAT WE KNOW IS WHAT WE build eyeshot OUT, OR WHAT REASON HAS ABSTRACTED FROM THE DATA OF SENSE PERCEPTION. THE KNOWN DEFENDERS ARE PARMENIDES, PLATO OF ANCIENT GREECE, DESCARTES AND HEGEL OF THE MODERN WORLD.THE THIRD THEORY WHICH IS INTUITIONISM CL object glassS THAT THE SENSES CAN ONLY reflect THE APPEARANCE OF THINGS HENCE WHAT WE CALL SENSE-DATA, CANNOT TELL US WHAT THINGS ARE IN THEMSELVES. BUT THROUGH INTUITION, WE CAN HAVE A FEEL OF WHAT LIES BEYOND THE PHENOMENA CAPTURED BY OUR SENSES AND TRANSFORMED BY REASON INTO CONCEPTUAL SYMBOLS. INTUITION INTUERE (TO LOOK INTO) IS A DIRECT APPREHENSION OF KNOWLEDGE WHICH IS NOT THE RESULT OF CONSCIOUS REASONING OR IMMEDIATE PERCEPTION.ADD THE FACTS THAT THERE ARE TWO METHODS OF INTELLECTUAL INQUIRY, FIRST IS THE INTUITION THAT GRASPS THE ESSENTIAL NATURE OF REALITY AND TIME AND THE SECOND IS ANALYSIS WHICH IS THE constancy AND PREDICTABILITY, BUT OFFERS ONLY A PHOTOGRAPH OR A SNAPSHOT OF WHAT IS ESSENTIALLY A DYNAMIC, ACTIVE WORLD THE ONLY dash TO BRIDGE THE outdistance BETWEEN THE OBJECT KNOWN AND THE KNOWER, WE MUST USE INTELLECTUAL SYMPATHY THAT EXPERIENCES BEING AS A WHOLE, AS A DYNAMIC CONTINUUM. LASTLY, THERE ARE DIFFERENT NOTIONS OF trueness NAMELY THE CORRESPONDENCE THEORY, COHERENCE THEORY, PRAGMATIC THEORY AND THE MA RXIST THEORY. direction THE WORD knowledge COMES FROM THE LATIN VERB EDUCERE (TO LEAD) OR FROM EDUCARE (DRAW OUT). upbringing IS THE ART OF LEADING OR GUIDING A PERSON TO SOCIAL CULTURE SO THAT BY EXPOSING HIM TO ITS COMPLEXITIES AND HE MAY ACTUALIZE HIS Introduction to school of thought POTENTIALITIES. EVERY PERSON, REGARDLESS OF RACE, GENDER OR CLASS HAS A DORMANT POWER WHICH IF DRAWN OUT OR DEVELOPED COULD EQUIP THE INDIVIDUAL TO come across A VARIETY OF ROLES IN SOCIETY. education AND TRAINING IS OF DIFFERENT MEANING. EDUCATION HAS TO DO WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WHOLE PERSONALITY WHILE TRAINING DEALS WITH THE GAINING AND ACHIEVING OF SKILLS. THERE ARE AIMS OF EDUCATION FIRST IS TO PREPARE.THE YOUNG FOR CITIZENSHIP-THE SUBTLE MEANS OF PROVIDING THE severalise IN ALONG RUN WITH FUTURE LEADERS AND FOLLOWERS WHO WOULD PUT stake OF THE STATE AND NATION ABOVE SELF. SECOND AIM IS TO DEVELOP THE INDIVIDUAL AS A MAN- ENABLE THE INDIVIDUAL TO REALIZE HIS POTENTIAL POWERS AS A HU MAN BEING SO HE COULD BE FREE IN OUTLINING HIS OWN DESTINY. THIRD, IT SHOULD AIM TO PRESERVE THE PREVAILING SOCIAL placement BY WAY OF TRANSMITTING THE IDEAS, THE BELIEFS, THE VALUES AND THE PRACTICES OF SOCIETY.FOURTH, IT AIMS TO CONTRIBUTE TO SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION AND IT MUST FOSTERA NEW CONSCIOUSNESS THAT IS SUPPORTIVE OF THE hatfulS DREAM AND STRUGGLE FOR A more in force(p), HUMAINE AND DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY. FIFTH, IT SHOULD PREPARE US FOR ETERNAL LIFE IN A PARADISE TO COME AND LASTLY IT SHOULD AIM TO COMPREHENSIVELY PREPARE US TO BE A WORKER OR TO BE A CITIZEN AND TO BE A PERSON. EDUCATION HAS AN IDEOLOGICAL CHARACTER. TO LITTLE, INDEED, DOES THE SCHOOL GOING TO PUBLIC SUSPECT THAT EDUCATION AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION CAN BE MANIPULATED BY VESTED GROUPS FOR THEIR OWN semipolitical INTERESTS. TO SOME PEOPLE WHOSE ECONOMIC AND policy-making FORTUNES ARE ENTRENCHED THAT EDUCATION IS USED TO PROMOTE SOCIAL CONFORMITY AND AGREEMENT.TO OTHERS WHO HAVE NOTHING BUT THEIR STATE OF DEPR IVATION AND UNCERTAINTIES, EDUCATION CAN EMPOWER THEM TO STRUGGLE FOR SOCIAL CHARGE. regime POLITICS IS A STRATEGY TO MAINTAIN ORDER AND COOPERATION AMONG PEOPLE OR INDIVIDUALS WITH DIFFERING NEEDS AND IDEALS IN LIFE, OR FOR REVOLVING CONFLICT WITHIN THE GROUP WHETHER THIS BE A FAMILY, A TRIBE, A VILLAGE OR A NATION-STATE. IT MAY BE UNDERSTOOD AS A CONTROL OVER THE blank space SO THAT DIFFERENCES ARE RESOLVED AND PREVENTED. THERE ARE TWO MAIN APPROACHES TO POLITICS NAMELY POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY HAS A SPECULATIVE AND prescriptive CHARACTER BECAUSE IT DEALS WITH THE QUESTION OF WHAT IS POLITICS OUGHT TO BE OR WHAT IT SHOULD BE WHILE POLITICAL SCIENCE IS EMPIRICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE IN NATURE BECAUSE ITS MAIN partake IS THE ANALYSIS AND DEFINITION OF THE STATE AND ITS INSTRUMENTALITIES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THEIR FUNCTIONS. POLITICS IS THE SCIENCE AND ART OF GOVERNING SOCIETY IN THE PURSUIT OF parking area GOOD THEN ITS CONCRETIZATION IS THE GOVE RNMENT WHOSE AIM IS THE PEOPLE AND THE SECURITY AND WEL far-offE OF THE PEOPLE. FORTHETHREEGREATPHILOSOPHERSNAMELYCONFUCIUS,PLATOANDNICCOLO.MACHIAVELLI TO BE GOOD obligated POLITICAL LEADERS OF STATE THERE ARE VERY ESSENTIAL QUALITIES TO BE CONSIDERED. FOR CONFUCIUS, POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IS NOT FOR THE COMFORT AND ENJOYMENT OF THE RULERS, NOR ARE THEY SIMPLY FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER, BUT FOR THE HAPPINESS AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF THE PEOPLE. HE ALSO inflict THAT THOSE WHO ASPIRE TO LEAD THE PEOPLE MUST POSSESS THE VIRTUES OF HUMAN-HEARTEDNESS, RRIGHTEOUSNESS, PPROPRIETY AND Introduction to Philosophy WISDOM. FOR PLATO, A PERSONS LIFE IS ORDERLY OR erect WHEN HIS REASON CONTROLS THE EMOTION AND TEMPERS THE APPETITES.THE THREE KINDS OF PEOPLE SHOULD POSSESS THREE ELEMENTS IN MAN. A RULER SHOULD EMBRACE REASON, THE SOLDIERS OR WARRIORS SHOULD DEAL WITH THEIR EMOTION AND THE ARTISANS OR ORDINARY PEOPLE SHOULD CONTROL THEIR APPETITES. ALL CITIZENS MUST UNDERGO RIGID PHYSICAL, INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL TRAINING. PLATOS PHILOSOPHY ON EDUCATION WAS ONE OF SO CALLED SELECTION ELIMINATION. NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI WROTE A BOOK ENTITLED, THE PRINCE POLITICS, AS AN EXERCISE OF POWER, SHOULD BE DIVORCED FROM MORALITY AND RELIGION. POLITICS HAS NO MORALITY IT IS A NAKED POWER OF EXPEDIENCY. OR HIM AN impressive LEADER IS BOTH.A FOX AND A LION, BOTH A MAN AND A BEAST AND BOTH GREAT PRETENDER OR GREAT DISSEMBLER. B. psychoanalysis (Critique) KNOWLEDGE THESEARCHFORKNOWLEDGEISANEVER-ENDINGADVENTURE LIKEWEVESEENIN MOVIES AND PLAYS. THE WHOLE OF REALITY IS TOO VAST THAT WE CAN KNOW ONLY TOO LITTLE OF IT IN OUR SHORT LIFE-TIMEHENCE, IT WOULD BE THE HEIGHT OF innocence TO NARROW OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE, UNLESS WE CHOOSE TO CLOSE OUR MIND TO OTHER POSSIBILITIES. OUR KNOWLEDGE IS A PRODUCT OF ALL OUR ABILITIES, SENSATION, REASON AND INTUITION. AND O AGREE WITH THE SAYING THAT KNOWLEDGE IS POWER, A POWER TO RECREATE THE WORLD, A POWER TO CONSTRUCT A BETTER SOCIETY WHERE ALL MEN A ND WOMEN COULD LIVE WITH DIGNITY, FREEDOM AND PEACE.I DO BELIEVE THAT THERE ARE continuously MORE TO KNOW SINCE IT IS DYNAMIC AND TOO ENORMOUS. WE SHOULD ALWAYS HAVE THE GUTS, THE PASSION AND THE LOVE TO LEARN AND TO pass over SEARCHING AND BUILDING ON THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE. NO DOUBT, KNOWLEDGE ADDS COLOR AND RELATIVE CHARACTER TO MAKE OUR LIFE WORTH LIVING AND SPENDING. OUR KNOWLEDGE SHOULD NOT BE AFFECTED NOR DISTORTED BY OUR OWN COGNITION. WE SHOULD KEEP IN MIND TO ALWAYS USE REASONING SINCE IT IS ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE NOT moreover BASING IT TO WHAT WE PERCEIVE. YES, WE CAN CONSTRUCT KNOWLEDGE BY OUR SENSES TO EVERY SITUATION WERE EXPERIENCING YET WE SHOULD ALWAYS BE RATIONAL.KNOW THE REASON TO EVERY DETAIL NOT TO JUSTIFY THINGS BUT RATHER TO BE REASONABLE IN JUDGING AND JUMPING TO CONCLUSIONS. KNOWLEDGE IS A STUFF OF REALITY IT IS A WAY OF TRUTH AND NOT A WAY OF SEEMING OR GIVING OPINION. ALSO THE ONLY THING WE SHOULD NOT DOUBT IS THAT WE ALWAYS IN PARTICULAR SITUATION DOUBT. D ONT BE AFRAID TO DOUBT OR TO QUESTION THINGS BECAUSE IT IS A WAY OF ACQUIRING AND GAINING ALL WE NEED TO KNOW.ON THE OTHER paw WE COULD STILL OBTAIN KNOWLEDGE THAT IT IS NOT THE SENSES, NOR REASON CAN return ADEQUATE UNDERSTANDING OF REALITY BUT THE SO CALLED INTUITION. KNOWLEDGE IS AN INTERCONNECTED cooking stove WHEREIN THERE IS AN AGREEMENT WITH ONE SET OF KNOWLEDGE WITH ANOTHER SET OF IT. IT IS A CYCLE WITH NO BEGINNING AND ENDING. THE MORE WE BECOME CURIOUS THE MORE WE QUESTION AND THE MORE WE SEEK FOR THE ANSWER. WE ALWAYS HAVE THE PRIVILEGED TO OPEN OUR CLOSE UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORLD AND WE ARE FREE TO EXPLORE ITS LIMITATION AND BOUNDARY.WE ALWAYS HAVE THE KEY TO KNOW THE SECRETS OF THE REAL MEANING AND Introduction to Philosophy VALUE OF LIFE. WE SHOULD NOT STOP TRAVELLING THE BEAUTIFUL AND COLOURFUL JOURNEY OF OUR humanity AND DONT STOP TO STRIVE AND TO GAIN THE PERFECT AND UNDYING KNOWLEDGE. EDUCATION SINCE WE ARE SEARCHING FOR KNOWLEDGE, HAVING AN EDUCATION IS OF GR EAT HELP. IT IS A VITAL INSTRUMENT TO EXPLORE OUR LIMITATION AND TO GO BEYOND THE HORIZON. HAVING AN EDUCATION IS LIKE SEEING A RAINBOW aft(prenominal) A RAIN SHOWER IT ADDS COLOR AND MEANING AFTER THE SUDDEN DARKNESS. WE SHOULD NOT JUST BE TRAINED, WE MUST BE EDUCATED. BEING EDUCATION FOR ME IS OPENING THE WINDOWS OF OUR MIND AND SOUL.WE SHOULD PUT EFFORT TO UNDERSTAND, TO COMPREHEND, AND TO BE SENSITIVE TO IDEAS, ASPIRATIONS AND INTEREST TO WHICH WE MIGHT OTHERWISE BE INDIFFERENT TO EACH OTHER. WE SHOULD NOT JUST BE CONTENTED JUST TO BE TRAINED BECAUSE IT SIMPLY MEANS WE JUST exigency TO IMPROVE OUR ABILITY TO DO SOMETHING WITHOUT DEEPENED UNDERSTANDING, WIDENED SYMPATHY OR HEIGHTENED ASPIRATIONS FOR IT. THERE SHOULD BE A COMMON AGREEMENT ON WHAT IS EDUCATION SHOULD AIM AND fasten THE PURPOSE OF EDUCATION WITH NO BIAS AND FAIR CHANCES TO PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT SOCIAL POSITIONS AND SHOULD NOT BE IN HARMONY WITH THEIR FUNDAMENTAL INTERESTS.IT WOULD BE AN phantasy TO EXPECT THE PREV AILING EDUCATION TO BE TRULY TRANSFORMATIVE AND LIBERATING BECAUSE OF todayS INEQUALITY specially IN SOCIAL STATUS ASPECTS THUS THERE IS A NEED TO RE-INVENT EDUCATION SO THAT IT WILL FOSTER A NEW AWARENESS AND PERSPECTIVE THAT IS SUPPORTIVE AND REFLECTIVE TO OUR ASPIRATIONS AND STRUGGLE FOR SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION. POLITICS EDUCATION HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES IS AFFECTED BY many an(prenominal) FACTORS SUCH AS THE KIND OF POLITICS WE HAVE. I DO BELIEVE THAT POLITICS SHOULD FUNCTION AND AIMS TO GO AFTER THE WELFARE OF THE PEOPLE AND NOTHING ELSE BUT THE SECURITY AND NEEDS OF PEOPLE. POLITICS IS BOTH A FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY.IT IS POWER YET WHEN USED IN A WRONG WAY OR BECOME A PURSUIT AND CHASE OF PERSONAL INTERESTS COULD BE ABUSED. POLITICS IS NOT JUST A SYSTEM ITSELF BUT A SYSTEM OF IDEAS WITH MISSION AND FUNCTIONS. IN SPITE OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN OUR COUN test WE COULD STILL PURSUE A FAIR, JUST, HONEST AND RESPONSIBLE POLITICAL SYSTEM. WE COULD STILL MAKE A CHANGE. ASIDE FRO M BEING A GOOD AND RELIABLE FOLLOWER WE COULD CHOOSE AND ELECT GOOD AND RIGHT POLITICAL LEADERS ESPECIALLY WITH OUR DEMOCRATIC TYPE OF SYSTEM.WE NEED TO BE RESPONSIBLE ENOUGH TO DESIGNATE THE FIT AND APPROPRIATE RULER WITH THEIR BEST QUALITY AND CHARACTER. WE SHOULD cautiously ANALYSE AND EVALUATE A POLITICAL RULER WHO HAS THE INTEREST IN SERVING THE PEOPLE WITH SINCERITY AND SHOULD NOT JUST MAINTAIN HIMSELF OR HERSELF IN POWER. C. Contextualization KNOWLEDGE Introduction to Philosophy FILIPINO IS A KNOWLEDGE SEEKER AND SO EXPLORATIVE WHEN IT COMES TO NOURISH AND DEVELOP THEIR LEARNING AND ABILITIES. WE HAVE SO some PROUD KABABAYAN WHO ARE SO PASSIONATE AND DETERMINE IN ACQUIRING SUCH KNOWLEDGE THEY ARE LOOKING FOR.SOME OF US EVEN TRY TO GO TO OTHER COUNTRY FOR THEIR SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE. WE ARE NOT CONTENTED WITH JUST HAVING A KNOWLEDGE THAT IS ALREADY IN FRONT OF US. WE USUALLY crap OUT OF THE BOX AND GO BEYOND THE HORIZON. AND BECAUSE OF THIS PERSEVERANCE, MANY FILIPINOS FROM D IFFERENT FIELD BECOME SUCCESSFUL AND FAMOUS.MANY JOBS AND OPPORTUNITIES BECOME OPEN TO FILIPINOS BECAUSE OF THEIR ABILITY AND PASSION TO LEARN. EDUCATION PUBERTY BECOMES A BARRIER TO ATTAIN THE GOAL OF HAVING A BETTER EDUCATION. NOWADAYS, AS YOU LOOK WITH THE STATUS OF OUR COUNTRY, PHILIPPINES I MUST SAY THAT WE OUR STRUGGLING ESPECIALLY THE UNFORTUNATE INDIVIDUAL TO GET SUCH APPROPRIATE AND GOOD QUALITY OF EDUCATION. IN OUR COUNTRYLIVING STATUS AFFECTS A LOT IN MAINTAINING A GOOD QUALITY OF EDUCATION. THERE ARE SO MANY FAMILIES WHO BATTLE FOR FINANCING THE OTHER EXPENSES OF THEIR CHILD LIKE PROJECT AND DAILY TRANSPORTATION AND nutrition ALLOWANCE. FOR AN UNDERPRIVILEGED FAMILY WITH INCOME THAT IS NOT ENOUGH WITH THEIR DAILY CONSUMPTION, HAVING A BUDGET FOR EDUCATION COULD BE A LEAST PRIORITY. MANY OF THE YOUTH TODAY EVEN THEY WANT TO CONTINUE THEIR COLLEGE JUST COULD NOT BECAUSE THEY HAVE NO CHOICE BUT TO WORK TO SUPPORT AND PROVIDE FINANCIALLY FOR THEIR FAMILY.ALSO IT IS COMMON, IN SOME FAR BARRIOS MANY FILIPINO CHILDREN BEFORE THEY COULD REACH THE NEAREST SCHOOL FROM THEIR HOUSE THEY NEED TO STRUGGLE AND WALK ON RIVERS AND EVEN SOME SLOPPY commode BEFORE THEY CAN GET THERE. IN SPITE THEIR DEDICATION TO BE EDUCATED, SCHOOL BUILDINGS AND GOOD LEARNING FACILITIES AND MATERIALS IS NOT ENOUGH TP ACCOMMODATES LARGE POPULATION IN OUR COUNTRY. ALSO CORRUPTION IS ONE OF THE MAJOR REASONS WHY NUMBER OF FILIPINO IS UNABLE TO AVAIL THEIR RIGHTS TO BE EDUCATED.INSTEAD OF FINANCING THE EDUCATION SECTOR, THE MONEY OF FILIPINOS GOES TO THE paper bag OF THOSE WHO ARE GREED AND SELFISH OFFICIALS. NO DOUBT, PHILIPPINES IS A RICH COUNTRY WITH ITS SPLENDID NATURAL RESOURCES YET OUR MONEY COULD NOT EVEN FINANCIALLY PROVIDE AND GIVE STABLE WORKS AND OPPORTUNITIES TO THOSE WHO NEED JOBS. POLITICSIT BEEN AN ORDINARY SCENARIO DURING ELECTION THAT THERE ARE SO MANY UNNECESSARY ACTIONS TOOK PLACE LIKE vote BUYING, BALLOT RESULT CHEATING, KILLING OF POLITICAL RIVALRY, AND THE LIKES JUST FOR THOSE SELF-CENTRED ASPIRANT OFFICIALS TO WIN THE SAID ELECTION. AND EVEN AFTER THE ELECTION, DURING THEIR SERVING YEARS SO MANY VOID PRACTICE IS BEEN HAPPENING.CORRUPTION IS ONE OF THE MAJOR PROBLEMS HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES. MANY ELECTED POLITICAL OFFICIALS ABUSE THE POWER GIVEN TO THEM FOR THEIR OWN INTERESTS. TODAYS ISSUE IS WHAT THEY CALLED PORK BARREL SCANDAL WHEREIN THE BUDGET ALLOTTED AND GIVEN TO POLITICAL OFFICIAL FOR THEIR PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS THAT SHOULD AND MUST HELP FILIPINO GOES TO POCKET OF JUST SOME PEOPLE. FINGER POINTING AND HAND WASHING THAT THEY DONT USE ANY OF THE PUBLIC MONEY FOR THEIR OWN WELFARE IS STILL ON investigating AND NOT YET ANSWERED.Introduction to PhilosophyINSTITUTIONALIZING IS ALSO HAPPENING IN OUR COUNTRY AND THE MOST AFFECTED ARE THE PUBLIC ESPECIALLY THE POOR. IT IS ALSO COMMON IN OUR POLITICAL SYSTEM HAVING A FAMILY DYNASTY WHEREIN THE POWER IN MANY PLACES IS JUST IN THE HAND OF ONE FAMILY. EVEN WE ALREADY HAVE alter KIND OF ELECTI ON SYSTEM, WE STILL STRUGGLE TO HAVE THE FAIR AND JUST POLITICAL SYSTEM WE ARE LOOKING AND HOPING TO ACHIEVE. LASTLY, WE FILIPINOS STILL ELECTING WRONG PUBLIC SERVANT. WE ARE STILL BLIND WITH THEIR LOOKS, WHETHER THEY ARE CELEBRITIES OR IF EVEN THEY TEND TO FINISH THEIR EDUCATION AND WITH THEIR FLOWERING PROMISES AND WORDS.WE NEVER REALLY PRACTICE A CRITICAL notion TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT AND THE GOOD STATE RULER. D. Evaluation 1. SUBJECT THE SUBJECT PHILOSOPHY REALLY HELPED ME TO BE OPEN-MINDED AND CRITICALLY INCLINED WITH EVERYTHING AROUND ME. WE HAVE SO MANY THINGS WE STILL NEED TO KNOW AND ACQUIRE YET PHILOSOPHY SERVES AS AN ASSISTING TOOL TO REALLY KNOW THE MEANING OF OUR OWN existence AND THE REAL MEANING OF OUR LIFE AND ITS PURPOSE. MY CLOSED WORLD BECOMES EXPOSED WITH WHAT IS REALLY HAPPENING. 2. PROF SIR RODERICK CENTENO IS A VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE, RESPECTED AND FULL OF SENSE KIND OF prof IN PHILOSOPHY.WE REALLY ENJOYED LISTENING TO HIS LECTURES ABOUT PHILOSOPHY. IT SO REFRESHIN G THAT WHILE LEARNING WEVE ABLE TO HAVE FUN AND ENJOY EVERY LEARNING AND DISCUSSION. THE inform IS A GOOD WAY FOR US STUDENT TO EXPRESS OUR PERSPECTIVES AND OPINIONS ON THINGS. IT HELPS TO BOOST OUR INTEREST AND AWARENESS ON THE THINGS THAT BEFORE WE REALLY DONT HAVE CARE AND IS NONE OF OUR BUSINESS. THE REFLECTION WRITING ACTIVITIES IS A USEFUL FOR US TO HAVE SECOND THOUGHTS TO EVERY ISSUE AND DECISIONS. AND I OBSERVED THAT SIR GIVES importance IN MANAGING HIS AND OUR TIME. Introduction to Philosophy.

Should Apes Have Human Rights?

Should Apes Have Human Rights?Should apes bring on gracious rights ground on indication language?In todays connection apes be considered to be wildcats and are given no rights even considerably close to humans, in fact, they fix no rights to fuck despatch with. But rarely is the question asked, should apes have rights based on sign language and other communication skills? Absolutely not. Rights are a human concept, based on the idea of individuals, who, acting independently or having the freedom to do so should be kickshawed equ wholey by law. Animals dont act independent nor have the freedom to do so. They gagenot take responsibility for their own actions, and they cannot bid humans give enough effort to offer up for or influence a inn alone. In fact, they do not have a very well put unitedly social classify. Therefore, it makes no sense to give zoologys human rights skillful because they understand some parts of a human language and some sign language.But what ab emerge the questions of whether animals should have any special protection, such as protection from harm from owners or caretakers as they call them, or should they be kept from cages and set free in their natural habitat? Monkeys know together in social groups. All members contribute by helping to conserve, find, and defend food sources, raise their offspring, etc, just as people in a society do. But it isnt possible to live in a social group without some way or form of communication. Members of a social group take ways to influence and inform all(prenominal) other. This is what influences language. Monkeys have evolved many ways of communicating, including visual looks, auditory calls, etc. Some of their visual signals are very intriguing, like the long, curled tongue of the tamarin monkey, that signals to her mate when she wants to birth her babies. But visual signals only subject field if they can be seen. In the forest that most gorillas and apes live in, auditory and vi sual calls are a much more useful and powerful tool. Calls and vocalizations can also be changed through pitch, loudness, and duration, which means a wide list of messages can be transmitted through one ape to another. Alarm calls, territorial calls, food calls, personal identification calls, dominance calls, etc. these are the basic communication skills that animals need to successfully live in groups rather than be living on their own. But some developed more interlocking and specialized forms of auditory communication. Researchers and Specialists have spent years trying to learn how apes communicate and find out if they are able to learn human signals and language.In September of 1965 in West Africa the chimpanzee Washoe was born(p), and was one of the first apes to learn sign language as part of a research experiment on animal language acquisition. In the apes cartridge clip on Earth, she learned exactly three hundred and fifty signs of communication. hotshot day, one of Wa shoes caretakers who was pregnant missed work for a few months after she had an unfortunate miscarriage. Roger Fouts reviews the following situationPeople who should be there for her and arent are often given the cold shoulderher way of informing them that shes miffed at them. Washoe greeted Kat Washoes caretaker in just this way when she finally returned to work with the chimps. Kat made her apologies to Washoe, past decided to tell her the truth, signing MY BABY DIED. Washoe stared at her, then looked down. She finally peered into Kats eyes again and carefully signed CRY, touching her cheek and drawing her finger down the path a tear would make on a human (Chimpanzees dont shed tears). Also, when shown an image of herself, Washoe was asked what she saw and she signaled back Me, Washoe. This shows that apes are definitely capable of self-awareness.Another ape named Koko (born July 4, 1971) is a female gorilla born in the San Francisco Zoo known for learning a huge amount of signs, of a language that his caregiver Patterson calls gorilla sign language, or GSL. Kokos training began at the age of one, where she was exposed to human language, and by the time of her death, she understood over two thousand English words Koko is one of the few nonhuman animals that had pets. One year for Christmas Koko asked for a pet cat in 1983 so they gave her a lifelike toy cat, but Koko signed sad many times. So on her birthday in July 1984, she was able to choose a cat from a litter of abandoned kittens. Koko selected a gray cat and named him All Ball. According to centime Patterson, Kokos owner, Koko cared for the kitten as if it was a baby gorilla, being very gentile and loving. Sadly, in December of 1984, All Ball escaped from Kokos cage, and was hit by a car. Later, Patterson said that when she signaled to Koko that All Ball had died, and Koko signed Bad, sad, bad and Frown, cry, frown, sad. Recently, to celebrate her birthday in July 2015, Koko was presented another lit ter of kittens, Picking two of them, she named one Miss dumb and one Miss Grey. These examples show that apes to can feel, and If we abuse apes, it goes against our human nature, because we know animals can feel troubleful sensation and emotion to, and theres no good reasoning that this camber be law, yet not part of human rights.My argument is that we should always value the interest of humans over and above those of animals, which is why researching all animals- which can further medical advance and human knowledge is morally the best thing to do. Animal research could help to decide how smart monkeys really are, and how we should treat their kind as a whole. Based on Steven Wises research, it appears that animals such as apes possess certain cognitive abilities such as communication skills, attention, memory, judgement, hassle solving, close making, comprehension, etc., that make them smart enough to be free rather than in a cage at a zoo handled by humans to provide enter tainment and big business. Steven Wise once said, For four thousand years, a thick and impenetrable healthy wall has separated all human from all nonhuman animals. On one side, even the most trivial interests of a single species ours are jealously guarded. We have assigned ourselves, alone among the million animal species, the status of legal persons. On the other side of that wall lies the legal refuse of an entire kingdom, not just chimpanzees and bonobos but also gorillas, orangutans, and monkeys, dogs, elephants, and dolphins. They are legal things. Their most basic and fundamental interests their pains, their lives, their freedoms are intentionally ignored, often maliciously trampled, and routinely abuse. Ancient philosophers claimed that all nonhuman animals had been designed and placed on this worldly concern just for human beings. Ancient jurists declared that law had been created just for human beings. Although philosophy and science have long since recanted, the law has not.In conclusion, apes shouldnt have human rights, but they should be free and have rights of their own kind, made for their own kind, which should be bound by law, because they show several cases of self-awareness, communication skills, knowledge, attention, working memory, judgment, reasoning, problem solving and decision making, comprehension and production of language, etc. Several apes have shown these skills and though they may not be as smart as humans, they are smart enough and capable enough of living in their own society where they should be able to roam free instead of being shown off in a zoo or being sold as productWorks CitedBarlow, Rich Something. Should Chimps Have the Rights of People? Bostonia. Rich Barlow, 19 Sept. 2013. Web. 07 Feb. 2017.OstlerKCL, Sophia. Should Monkeys Be Granted Human Rights? The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, n.d. Web. 07 Feb. 2017.Should Animals Have The Same Rights As People? Popular Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Feb. 2017.https//en.w ikipedia.org/wiki/Koko_(gorilla)Koko.27s_petsSpearmint Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and AntipyreticSpearmint Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic review Yousuf, P. (2013). Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Effect of genus Mentha spicata (Spearmint). British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,3(4), 854-864. doi10.9734/bjpr/2013/4640Mentha spicata (Spearmint) is often used as an alternative treatment for inflammation, fever, and pain relief. All of these problems can present symptoms such as cramps, headache, joint stiffness, and general aches and pains. Inflammation, pain and fever can all be treated with over the tax return drugs such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen, but these drugs can often have severe side effectuate if used long term. Many essential oils have been used in aromatherapy and proven to be effective in treating pain relief, inflammation and fever. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect of Mentha spicata (spearmint).The experiment subjects for this study were young Swiss-Albino mice about 4-5 weeks in age with an average weight of 25-30 gm and adult Albino rats with an average weight of 100-130 gm. The study was conducted at the animal house of the Department of Pharmacy, North Sough University, Bangladesh. Subjects were kept for one week in standard ho apply at 25 degrees Celsius in order to alter before judgeing proceeded. Animals were also given standard food and water.Separate tests and rules were given for each of the items being looked at anti-inflammation, fever and pain. For the evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect, the method used was carrageenan induced rat paw edema. This method induces acute swelling when a effect of carrageenan in saline is injected into the hind pillager of the subjects. The rats were randomly divided into four groups, each with five animals. Group I was the view group, and only given distilled water. Group II was given Ketorol ac (10mg/kg) as standard, and Groups III and IV were given the test sample at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg be weight respectively. Thirty proceeding after the oral administration of the test materials, 1% carrageenan was injected into the left hind paw of each animal. The amount of paw edema was measured at , 1, 2, 3, and 6 hours after administration. For the evaluation of antipyretic (fever) activity, Brewers yeast-induced pyrexia was used. Wister albino rats were selected, weighed and divided into three groups of five animals each. All the test subjects were fasted 18 hours prior to experiment, but water was given. feverishness was induced by injecting 20 ml/kg of 20% aqueous suspension of Brewers yeast in saline below the nape of the neck. Rectal temperature was taken immediately before and 18 hours after injection. Prior to the experiment, the rats were maintained in separate cages for 7 days and the animals with approximately constant rectal temperature were selected for the study. Paracetamol (100 mg/kg) was used as standard drug for comparing the antipyretic action of extract. The extract at the doses of 500 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally, one group was administered with paracetamol (100 mg/kg) control group was given 0.5 ml normal saline. The rectal temperature was measured at 1, 2 and 3 h after drug administration by using digital thermometer. Percentage reduction in rectal temperature was calculated by considering the total fall in temperature to normal level. Two methods of evaluation were used to test the analgesic effects. The first was a hot plate test. The temperature was regulated at 55 1C. Mice were divided into four groups consisting of five animals in each group. The mice of each group were placed in the beaker (on the hot plate) in order to obtain its response to electrical heat induced pain. Licking of the paws or jumping out of the beaker was taken as an indicator of the animals response to heat-induced pain. The time for eac h mouse to lick its paws or jump out of the beaker was taken as reaction time (in seconds). Before treatment, the reaction time was taken once. Each of the test mice was treated with either distilled water (DW), Ketorolac (2.5 mg/kg of body weight) or wood spirit extract of Mentha spicata at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight orally. Thirty minutes after treatment, the reaction time of each group of mice were again evaluated five times distributively in one hour intervals. The second test administered was acetic acid induced writhing test. Writhing test is a chemical method used to induce pain by injecting acetic acid into the mice. The acetic acid was injected into the body cavity to create the pain sensation. Ketorolac (10 mg/kg) was used as a standard. The plant extract was administered orally in two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) to the Swiss Albino mice after an overnight fast. Test samples and vehicle were administered orally 30 minutes prior to intr aperitoneal administration of 0.7% v/v acetic acid solution at 10 ml/kg body weight. Animals were kept individually under glass jar for observation. Each mouse of all groups were observed individually for counting the number of writhing they made in 5minutes beginning 5 minutes after the injection. The number of writhes in each treated group was compared to that of a control group (Distilled water).The hot plate test produced significant analgesic effect when using the methanol extract of Mentha spicata. The extract significantly change magnitude the reaction time of the mice when exposed to the heat. The writhing test showed significant analgesic results as well and was comparable to that of the standard (66.66%). The Brewers yeast proved positive effects of fever, and the carrageenan-induced paw edema proved that Mentha spicata is effective in treating inflammation.The authors conclude that Mentha spicata proves to show significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic pro perties. They state that further probe is necessary to find the active component of the extract in order to confirm the action in the development of a potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent.This study is lacking in the amount of mice tested. I would like to see a more wide range of subjects tested as well. Although the number of mice tested is limited, the study is still of interest. First, all the results were in favor of the testing purposes. This is interesting because it means that the medicinal properties are probably correct and would therefore be a good alternative to treating such ailments. And second, most people will at some point or another in their life suffer from pain, inflammation or fever. This treatment would be a good alternative to medications that can have potential bad side effects and therefore reducing surplus ailments and complications that need to be treated.ReferencesYousuf, P. (2013). Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Effect of Mentha spicata (Spearmint). British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,3(4), 854-864. doi10.9734/bjpr/2013/4640

Book Review of Limited Church: Unlimited Kingdom

Book Review of Limited Church unbounded KingdomAaron saviouriansenRienow, Rob. Limited Church Unlimited Kingdom. Nashville Randall House, 2013. 336 pp. $22.99Biographical Sketch of the originatorDr. Rienow is a husband, father and the pastor at Gospel Fellowship Church. He holds multiple degrees in theology and Christian lastership that prepared him to pastor a church building building. After spending time in the pastorate Dr. Rienow came to the realization that he was discipling the members of his congregation but not the members of his family. This caused Dr. Rienow to reevaluate how the church is called to do ministry in the watchword. His findings lead to changes in his own ministry as well as the writing of this book. Pursuing the broad Commission by dint of Biblical family discipleship is now a passion for Dr. Rienow. stocky of ContentsDr. Rob Rienows purpose in writing this book is to challenge your current philosophy of ministry. When planning each aspect of the progra m is the first answer to reach for a curriculum, someones advice or tradition? Rienow issues the claim that the Bible is exuberant to guide leaders of the church in equipping the saints to carry start the Great Commission. Do not expect to sit down and read this book in an afternoon this book will cause the reader to read and read sections then stop and reconsideration each statement that is made. It is highly recommended that this book is not read alone, but instead with a ministry team. Limited Church Unlimited Kingdom should challenge any team that reads it together in how they do ministry and what their standards are for that ministry.Critical EvaluationDr. Rienow does an excellent job of challenging the reader to rethink how he does church. This goes much deeper than just the traditions that we have accepted to date and into the place where the Word of God has in our heart and lives. Page by page Rienow builds a case for the sufficiency of playscript in the church and our families even in his own ministry he admitted, The Bible was enough for me when it came to my systematic theology, but not enough when it came to how Gods institutions of the family and the local church should function (13) This is a profound idea which will probably cause anyone reading the book to double check their process when fashioning ministry decisions.The author fully grasps the concept that our first church is our family and we need to ensure their discipleship first and foremost. Rienow states, God created two institutions to build His Kingdom and advance His Gospel, the local church and the family. (39) Why would God allow us to take care of His bride, the church, if we cannot take care of our own family? This flows perfectly into the argument regarding Biblical jurisdiction. Parents seem to have relegated the responsibility of discipleship to the church and instead of training the parents that this is not correct they have just accepted the role. As Dr. Rienow shows, this presents a problem when the churchs method differ from the parents methods and therefore creates involvement inside the body. We see the Great Commission, and we accept it. Then we carelessly ignore the clear messages God has given us about how the mission is to be carried out and who is responsible for its different faces. (61) Parents want to rely on the church or the school to educate their children about life when the Bible definitively places that responsibility on the parents. Rienow skilfully presents the picture of a Limited Church operating only inside the direction given by God and leaving the rest of the responsibilities to other jurisdictions.The church is challenged to rethink its priorities when Rienow asks, Can we honestly say that our jam-packed church calendar and our dynamic programs for every demographic group are making radical disciples for Jesus Christ? (1) The number of quality of the disciples a church makes is not directly proportional to the number of events on its calendar but according to the author, Nothing is more authoritative in the local church than the preaching of the Bible. (103) The job of the church is given in Ephesians 411-13 of training and equipping the saints for ministry. This is done through the preaching of the Bible so that each facet may learn how to do their specific job well.A full third of the book is devoted to the concept of mating the church and family in ministry. The ideas of caring for the poor, transforming specific ministries, building marriages, discipleship and evangelism are discussed thoroughly. Although family ministry is the new buzz word in churches, Dr. Rienow points out that it has been Gods plan from the beginning. He works from the senior Testament to the New Testament explaining the perfect design God has for families. That perfect design is family discipleship in the home, from the parents. Dr. Rienow exposes the fallacies in the current ministry model of age segregated groups an d how it breeds an positioning of moral therapeutic deism that is running rampant through our culture today. Children move from fun childrens ministry to fun youth ministry to fun college ministry into boring church wait on and do not know how to assimilate into the church body.Dr. Rienow brings up the idea of incorporating children into the corporate body of holiness and proposes that the church has been doing it wrong for about a 100 years. Readers are then shown multiple scripture passages showing children commanded to worship with their parents as a part of the faith family. Those who would choose to rebuff this idea are met with the statement, earlier we think pragmatically, we need to think theologically. Practice does not drive theology. Theology drives practice. Rienow once again brings back each argument to the authority of scripture and scripture alone to drive our decisions. Using this same logic the reader should be able to determine that youth should also be in cor porate worship along with young adults.Critical EvaluationRienows mission to challenge the way churches address ministry questions with scripture first and only is accomplished throughout the entire book. age not directly stated the book screams out 2 Timothy 316 that scripture is sufficient for all our needs and answers. The author challenges readers that, immediately is the time to return to the Bible alone for every matter of faith and practice (45) Grab multiple copies of this book, pass them out to the ministry teams in your church, read through them together and evaluate the way you do ministry against scripture. Where it lines up witch scripture, press on where it falls short, bring it in line with the Word and see if the fruits of your jade do not increase from Gods blessings.BibliographyRienow, Rob. Limited Church Unlimited Kingdom. Nashville Randall House Publications, 2013.

Business Aligning And Business Impact Information Technology Essay

pedigree Aligning And melodic line Impact In defining Technology actThere ar galore(postnominal) views on what constitutes ancestry organization strategy. Definitions for worry strategy and its features include the following. A business strategy should encapsulate a statement of an organisations c atomic number 18 or vision so that there is a clear and consistent point of focusing (King, 1978) provides a deliberate plan of action (Kaplan Norton, 1996 Henderson Venkatraman, 1993, King 1978)2)Definition of IS/ IT dodgeFigure 1 IS/IT Strategy. The figure describes the where, what and how of the cookerySource Source Edwards, Ward Bytheway, 1991 Ward Peppard, 2002, p.41IS StrategyIS strategy give the bounce be seed as a strategy to action info system of ruless that recognizes shapingal requirements, in other words demand for the teaching and systems to escort the overall business strategy and its plan to put on or maintain the advantage (Rackoff, Wiseman Ullrich , 1985 Ward Peppard, 2002 Edwards, Ward Bytheway, 1991). An IS strategy should include the business needs for the future aligned closely to the business strategy. It should as well as define and prioritize the investments needed to achieve the application portfolio.IT StrategyIT strategy is the supply to the demand created by IS strategy. It outlines the vision of how the organizations demand for information and systems pass on be back up by engineering (Ward Peppard, 2002). They further suggest that the IT strategy is concerned with the IT capabilities and services like IT operations, systems tuition and user support. Luftman (2003) refers to the IT strategy as a set of decisions do by IT and functional business managers that either enable or drive the business strategy. It leads to the deployment of technology infra construction and applications, and human competencies that pass on assist the organization in becoming more competitive.Figure2 Inputs and outputs of IS/ IT s trategySource Edwards, Ward Bytheway, 1991Literature on IS and IT StrategyIn view of Clarke (2005), The routine of Information Systems (IS) has developed during the years. The original formation was of automation of quick manual and precomputer mechanical processes. This (automation of existing manual processes) was quickly replaced by the rationalisation and integration of systems. In both of these forms, IS was regarded primarily as an in operation(p) support tool, and secondarily as a service toManagementClarke (2005) further suggests, Information Technology (IT) had been critical to the useation of an organizations strategy. The dominant sense in which the barrier is used is that a strategic information system (SIS) is an information system which supports an organization in fulfilling its business goals.Ward and Griffiths (1996, p1) say that it is essential for the organizations to understand how the role of technology ground information systems has evolved. With time, or ganizations have realised that there is a need to salute IS/IT more tactically by understanding the role of IT in business, and making IT a part of business. As suggested by Ward and Peppard (2002, p1) the organizations ar looking at the application of technology not only to underpin existing business operations nevertheless also to create new opportunities that provide them with a source of competitive advantage and propose a strategic approach for managing their systems. Kearns and Lederer (2003) have supported the critical and strategic role of IS/IT by stating that, Recent surveys of CEOs (Chief Executive Officer) have sh proclaim that, despite numerous failed investments, information technology has assumed a critical and strategic role in their organization.If IS/IT is to fulfil its role, the CIOs (Chief Information Officer) need to adopt Strategic Information Systems Planning. SISP began during 1970s and organizations began using IS/IT in ways that changed the functioning of their businesses. Bruns and McFarlan (1987) thought that, Information Technology has done more than just enhancing the existing processes inside the organization. IT has provided the spark that caused the managers to rethink their business strategies. The organizations that have changed their controller systems and structures have seen a transformation in the effectiveness of the business processes. Bruns and McFarlan (1987) further suggest that, they have found ways to channel the power of information to the muscles of their corporations.IS/ IT- Business AlignmentFor an organization to achieve competitive advantage it is important that the business use IS/IT to support the main business processes and become dependant on IS/IT. It is also important that there is IT participation in business planning (BP) and vice-versa. Chan and Huff (1993) say alignment of an IS plan and the business plan is very important and it leads to IS efficiency and judge. A walking(prenominal) look at the aims for adopting a IS/IT strategy according to Ward and Peppard (2002) suggests that the SISP process is used for aligning IS/IT with business and gain competitive advantage from business opportunities created by using IS/IT.However, not all IT projects argon implemented and many factors have been identified that contribute to IT failures. One of the main failures that have been highlighted is that the 14 failure to implement is due to the planning process and its practices (Hartono et al.2003). Another major(ip) problem that has been seen in SISP is failure to translate goals and objectives into action plans (Teo Ang, 2001 in Hartono et al., 2003) and lack of support for IT architecture and also the duration of SISP have been viewed as factors contributing to low rate of implementation.According to Reich and Benbasant (1996) is a process. It is unique to each organization and uses both the IT and business knowledge to support business objectives. Thus, it is important to brin g IT into the main business stream and let IT function as an entity in the business. For this to happen, the senior executives in the companies must work together and define the business needs and frame an IS/IT and business strategy to support the business goals and objectives.Thus, for an organization to achieve competitive advantage and improve business deed it is important to align its IS/IT plan with the business plan, and IS/IT systems should be used in accordance with the resources and the capabilities of the organization in times of environmental changes. SISP is a way to implement those IS/IT systems not only to achieve competitive advantage but also for proper functioning in the ever-changing business environment.Business Aligning and Business Impact of IS ITBecause of the complexity of the strategic information systems planning process and uniqueness of each organization, there is no one best way to tackle it. Vitale, et al.(1986) bump SISP methodologies into two cate gories impact and alignment. Impact methodologies help create and justify new uses of IT, while the methodologies in the alignment category align IS objectives with organisational goals.1) Impact Methodologies rank Chain Analysis The concept of value chain is considered at length by Michael Porter (1984). According to him, every firm is a collection of activities that are performed to design, produce, market, deliver, and support its product. All these activities mountain be represented using a value chain.Porter goes on to explain that information technology is one of the major support activities for the value chain. Information systems technology is particularly pervasive in the value chain, since every value activity creates and uses information. A firm that can break dance a better technology for performing an activity than its competitors thus gains competitive advantage (Porter, 1985).Thus value chain analysis(a) Is a form of business activity analysis which decomposes an en terprise into its parts. Information systems are derived from this analysis.(b) Helps in devising information systems which increase the overall profit available to a firm.(c) Helps in identifying the latent for mutual business advantages of component businesses, in the same or related industries, available from information interchange.(d) Concentrates on value-adding business activities and is independent of organizational structure.Strengths The main carriage of value chain analysis is that it supports on direct value adding activities of a firm and thus pitches information systems right into the realm of value adding rather than cost cutting.Weaknesses Value chain analysis suffers from a few weaknesses, namely,(a) It only provides a higher level information model for a firm and fails to address the cultivation and implementation issues,(b) Because of its focus on internal operations instead of data, it fails to define a data structure for the firm.2) Alignment MethodologiesBu siness Systems Planning (BSP) The methodology focuses on business processes which in turn are derived from an organizations business military mission, objectives and goals. Business processes are analyse to determine data needs and, then, data classes.Similar data classes are combined to develop databases. The final BSP plan describes an overall information systems architecture as well as installation schedule of individual systems. Steps in a BSP study are Barlow (1990) and Ledrer and Sethi (1988) have discussed strengths and weaknesses of BSP.Strengths Because BSP combines a top down business analysis approach with a bottom up implementation strategy, it represents an compound methodology. In top down strategy, BSP develops an overall understanding of business plans and supporting IS needs through joint discussions.Weaknesses (a) BSP requires a firm commitment from the top direction and their substantial involvement.(b) It requires a high degree of IT experience within the BSP planning team.((e) Major weakness of BSP is the considerable time and effort required for its successful implementation. rough the AssignmentThe past few decades have witnessed major changes in the way we do business. Increased competition and the pursuit of ever-greater performance have forced businesses to focus on quality, efficiency, and productivity, while encouraging innovation and creativity. In addition, there have been significant changes in global economies and in the structure of the business worlds that exist in those economies.As a result, a variety of disparate approaches and methodologies for evaluating and restructuring business enterprises has emerged. The terms reengineering and business transformation have taken on amazing significance. In many company like dingle, those terms mean the complete assessment, restructure and redesign of entire businesses, including information technology (IT) and Information System its Management (IS)In on a lower floor assignment we are going to focus on Business strategies and Information strategies of dingle caller-up, we are also going to look into Advantage and Disadvantage of Business strategies, Information System and Information Technology in general.Company Overview dingle, a Delaware corporation, was founded in 1984 by Michael Dell on a simple concept by selling computer systems directly to clients, Dell could best understand their needs and efficiently provide the most effective computing solutions to meet those needs. Dell is based in Round Rock, Texas, and conducts operations worldwide through its subsidiaries. Unless otherwise specified, adverts to Dell include its consolidated subsidiaries. Dell operates principally in one industry and is managed in three geographic segments the Americas, Europe, and Asia Pacific-Japan regions.Vision StatementIts the way we (Dell) do business. Its the way we (Dell) interact with the community. Its the way we interpret the world around us-ours customers need s, the future of technology, and the global business climate. Whatever changes the future may bring our vision Dell Vision will be our guiding force.Dell needs full customer satisfaction. In order to become the most successful computer company, they need the newest technology and loyal customers.Mission StatementDells mission is to be the most successful computing device Company in the world at delivering the best customer experience in markets we serve. In doing so, Dell will meet customer expectations of Highest quality jumper lead technology Competitive pricing Individual and company accountability Best-in-class service and support Flexible customization capability Superior unified citizenship Financial stabilityhttp//retailindustry.about.com/od/topusretailcompanies/p/dellincprofile.htmBusiness Strategy of DellDells business strategy combines its direct customer model with a highly efficient manufacturing and supply chain focus organization and an emphasis on standards-based technologies. This strategy enables Dell to provide customers with superior value high-quality, relevant technology customized systems superior service and support and products and services that are easy to buy and use. The key tenets of Dells business strategy areA direct relationship is the most efficient path to the customer.A direct customer relationship, also referred to as Dells direct business model, eliminates wholesale and retail dealers that add unnecessary time and cost or diminish Dells understanding of customer expectations. At www.dell.com, customers may review, configure and price systems within Dells entire product line order systems online and track orders from manufacturing through shipping.Customers can purchase custom-built products and custom-tailored services. Dells flexible, build-to-order manufacturing process enables Dell to turn over inventory every four days on average, and reduce inventory levels.Dell is the low-cost leader. Dell maintains the lowest cos t structure among its major competitors, and to pass those savings to its customers.Non-proprietary standards-based technologies deliver the best value to customers.Dell believes that non-proprietary standards-based technologies are critical to providing customers with relevant, high-value products and services. Focusing on standards gives customers the benefit of extensive research and development fromhttp//www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/826083/000095013405004423/d22995e10vk.htmInformation Systems Strategy of DellInformation systems were critical to Dell. The information systems supported the DellDirect business model by providing a range of tools from order entry to production integration.Information systems provided the means for delivery of instant information to employees through e-mail or over the intranet. And information systems were a way to connect suppliers to the business, to collect and analyze information collected from the marketplace, and to support decisions on eve rything from hiring practices to product offerings to pricing. IT is an enabler to make the business model work, The backbone of the information system was an architecture called G2 (See Exhibit 3).Data EngineMessage BrokerApplication ServerWed Based Client ApplicationG2 ModelThe G2 architecture was an object-based infrastructure, with a web browser front endinterface. It had a single point of connection and was built in small pieces. There was local control of functionality but a global view of the business. The primary components of the G2 architecture were commonly available applications such as Microsoft office, database engines, and Internet servers.The G2 architecture was similar in design to the Dell organization structure, which was also built in small pieces, with local control but a global view of the business.The Dell business model resulted in a different production profile than other businessmodels. The direct model implied that every production run is unique in some wa y, and thence every lot was of quantity one.http//www.kppartners.com/documents/zerotime-dell_ field_study.pdfAnalysing Business Aligning in DellTo show Business aligning in Dell we will use value chains analysisThe value chain in place at most firms assumes a make-to-forecast strategy. That is, standard products are produced from long-term forecasts of customer demand.And in the case of Dell Computer corporation Michael Dell made business model, which allows the company to build each product to order. Dell is well-known for its ability to mass-produce computers that are customized to a customers order. This production and operations process is known as mass-customization or, in a value-chain context, a build-to-order (BTO) strategy. In its build-to-order strategy, Dell assembles the product only after the customer has placed the order,.At Dell, this process depends on computer systems that link customer order information to production, assembly, and delivery operations.BTO frequent ly requires a change in organizational culture, managerial thinking, and supplier interactions and support. Inevitably, the process begins by acquiring a better understanding of customer demand then improvements in information flow will produce the ability to increase responsiveness in all areas of the value chain.http//www.calstatela.edu/faculty/msabet/c12_Turban_0471705225.pdfAdvantage and Disadvantage Of Business StrategiesThere are numerous advantages you can extract from the marketplace if you know how. And the marketing plan is an excellent tool for identifying and developing Business strategies for extracting these advantages.1) Advantages of Business Strategies of DellIdentifies needs and wants of consumersDetermines demand for product help in design of products that fulfil consumers needsDells inventory turnover rate of 60 times per year compares to 12-15 times for most indirect vendor.Dell can develop direct customer relationship.Dell knows who the end user is, what equipm ent it has bought from Dell, where it was shipped, and how much the customer has spent with Dell. Dell uses that information to offer add-on products and services, to coordinate forethought and technical support, and to help the customer plan its PC replacement and upgrade cycle.2) Disadvantages of Business Strategies of DellLeads to faulty marketing decisions based on improperly analyzed dataCreates unrealistic financial projections if information is interpreted incorrectlyIdentifies weaknesses in overall business planhttp//inventors.about.com/od/licensingmarketing/a/advantages_mark.htmAdvantage and Disadvantage of IS and IT1) Advantages of information technology and Information System Dell IncDell Inc company realizes Internet-associated efficiencies throughout its business, including procurement, customer support and relationship way.At www.dell.com, customers may review, configure and price systems within Dells entire product line order systems online and track orders from man ufacturing through shipping. At valuechain.dell.com,Dell shares information with its suppliers on a range of topics, including product quality and inventory.Dell also uses the Internet to deliver industry-leading customer services. For instance, thousands of business and institutional customers worldwide use Dells Premier Dell.com Web pages to do business with the company online.http//e-learning.dmst.aueb.gr/mis/Cases/Dell/index.htm2) Disadvantages of information technology and Information System for Dell IncThe Internet has also created entirely new markets and formed the basis for thousands of new businesses and that is biggest disadvantage for Dell Inc.Internet technology is based on universal standards that any company can use, making it easy for rivals to compete on price alone, due to which profits have bygone down.Information is available to everyone on internet, due which it raises the bargaining power of customers, who can quickly find the lowest-cost providerhttp//www.pre nhall.com/behindthebook/0132304619/pdf/Laudon%20Feature%203.pdfBarriers in implementation of IS and IT in Dell CompanyDell Co business model was unique in its way and the company did not had time to think differently because the company was growing by about $1 billion every 9 weeks.Dell had a limited time for classroom training of new Information systems to employees.The Dell business model resulted in a different production profile than other business models. The direct model implied that every production run is unique in some way, and hence every lot was of quantity one.Dell was not able to have a centralized structure, because the local business units had to have their own IT people. As such, the information systems were highly decentralized. No programmers reported directly to the CIO. Instead, each division and business had some IT people.http//www.kppartners.com/documents/zerotime-dell_case_study.pdfConclusionDell has increased the opportunity for revenue enhancement and the increased access to information, which potentially translates into new product and service offerings. The advantage to the customer is the traditional one-stop-shopping arrangement for products and services, offloading these tasks from information systems organizations, and freeing the IS management up to concentrate on core business issues rather than procurement and services.http//i.dell.com/ web sites/content/corporate/secure/en/Documents/FY10_Form10K_Final.pdfRecommendationsTo get a successful IS and IT Strategy program will rely on(1) Senior managements commitment(2) The full support and participation of the IT IS team(3) The competence of the IS and IT team, which must have the expertise to apply thespecific site and system, identify mission risks, and provide cost-effective safeguards that meet the needs of the organization(4) The awareness and cooperation of members of the user community, who must follow procedures and comply with the implemented controls to Safeguard the m ission of their organization(5) An ongoing evaluation and assessment of the IS IT-related mission risks.http//csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-30/sp800-30.pdfAuthors ReferenceBarlow, J.F., Putting Information Systems Planning Methodologies Into Perspective, Journal of Systems Management, July, 1990, pp. 6-9.Bruns Jr., W. J., McFarlan, F. W. (1987). Information technology puts power incontrol systems. Harvard Business Review, 65(5), 89-94.Chan, Y. E., Huff, S. L. (1993). Strategic information systems alignment. BusinessQuarterly, 58(1), 51-55.Clarke, R. (2005). The path of development of strategic information systems theory.Retrieved 24/04/2011, from http//www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/SOS/StratISTh.htmlEdwards, C., Ward, J., Bytheway, A. (1991). The essence of information systems.London Prentice Hall. Retrieved from 24/06/2011http//www.coda.ac.nz/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000context=unitec_scit_diHartono, E., Lederer, A. L., Sethi, V., Zhuang, Y. (2003). Key pred ictors of theimplementation of strategic information systems plans. ACM SIGMIS Database,34(3), 41-53.Henderson, J.C. Venkatraman, N. (1993) Strategic alignment Leveraging information technology for transforming organisations, IBM Systems Journal, Vol 32 No 1, pp 472-484.King, W.R. (1978) Strategic planning for management information systems, MIS Quarterly, Vol 2 No 1, pp 27-37Kaplan, R.S. Norton, D.P. (1996) Translating strategy into action The Balanced scorecard, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MAKearns, G. S., Lederer, A. L. (2003). A resource-based view of strategic IT alignment How knowledge share-out creates competitive advantage. Decision Sciences, 34(1), 1-29.Ledrer, Albert L., and Sethi, Vijay, The Implementation of Strategic Information Systems Planning Methodologies, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 12, No. 3, September 1988, pp. 445-460.Luftman, J. N. (2003). Competing in the information age align in the sand (2nd ed.). naked as a jaybird York Oxford University Press.Porte r, M.E., Competitive Advantage, Free Press, 1984. Retrieved on 30/04/2011 http//viu.eng.rpi.edu/publications/strpaper.pdfPorter, M.E. and Millar, V.E., How Information Gives You Competitive Advantage, Harvard Business Review, July-August, 1985. Retrieved on 30/04/2011 http//viu.eng.rpi.edu/publications/strpaper.pdfRackoff, N., Wiseman, C., Ullrich, W. A. (1985). Information systems for competitive advantage implementation of a planning process. MIS Quartery, 9(4), 285-294.Reich, B. H., Benbasat, I. (1996). Measuring the linkage between business andinformation technology objectives. MIS Quarterly, 20(1), 55-81.Teo, T. S. H., Ang, J. S. K. (2001). An examination of major IS problems.International Journal of Information Management, 21(6), 457-470.Vitale, M., Ives, B. and Beath, C., Identifying Strategic Information Systems, Proc. 7th Intl Conf. Inf. Sys., San Diego, declination 1986, pp. 265-276.Ward, J., Peppard, J. (2002). Strategic planning for information systems (3rd ed.).Chi chester John Wiley. Retrieved on 25/04/2011 http//www.coda.ac.nz/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000context=unitec_scit_diWard, J., Griffiths, P. (1996). Strategic planning for information systems (2nd ed.).Chichester John Wiley. Retrieved on 25/04/2011 http//www.coda.ac.nz/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000context=unitec_scit_diWebsite referencehttp//retailindustry.about.com/od/topusretailcompanies/p/dellincprofile.htmRetrieved on 30/04/2011http//www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/826083/000095013405004423/d22995e10vk.htm . Retrieved on 01/05/2011http//www.kppartners.com/documents/zerotime-dell_case_study.pdf Retrieved on 02/05/2011http//inventors.about.com/od/licensingmarketing/a/advantages_mark.htm Retrieved on 02/05/2011http//www.smallbusinessbible.org/advan_disadvan_informationtechnology.html Retrieved on 02/05/2011http//www.kppartners.com/documents/zerotime-dell_case_study.pdf Retrieved on 02/05/2011http//i.dell.com/sites/content/corporate/secure/en/Documents/FY10_Form10K_Final.pdf R etrieved on 04/05/2011http//csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-30/sp800-30.pdf Retrieved on 04/05/2011http//www.calstatela.edu/faculty/msabet/c12_Turban_0471705225.pdf Retrieved on 04/05/2011http//www.prenhall.com/behindthebook/0132304619/pdf/Laudon%20Feature%203.pdf Retrieved on 04/05/2011http//e-learning.dmst.aueb.gr/mis/Cases/Dell/index.htm Retrieved on 04/05/2011

Shooting An Elephant Essay -- essays research papers

The story that my evaluation will be based on is dead reckoning an Elephant written in 1936. The author George Orwell was born in 1903 in India to a British officer raised in England. He attended Eton College, which introduced him to Englands middle and upper classes. He was denied a scholarship, which take him to execute a police officer for the Indian Imperial in 1922. He served in Burma until resigning in 1927 due to the lack of respect for the justice of British Imperialism in Burma and India. He was now determined to become a writer, so at the brink of poverty he began to pay close attention to social surfacecasts and laborers. This led him to write Down and Out in Paris and London (1933) during the Spanish Civil War. He embodied his hate for totalitarian system in his earmark Animal Farm (1945). George Orwell fell to the disease of tuberculosis at forty-seven, that not before he released many works. He wrote six novels, three docudrama works, over seven hundred reviews and newspaper articles, and a volume of essays (1149). This particular story was precise interesting and found it to hold a lot of truth. Shooting an Elephant is about an English man that was a police officer in Burman, who was hated for his race and felt it almost impossible to do his job. He had to get it on with a lot of hatred and disrespect, but yet he was expected to do what the towns people asked of him when they asked. When the elephant got loose the first person the sub-inspector at the opposite end of the town c aloneed was the main character, who was to be nameless throughout the entire story. He wanted him to go do something about the loose elephant because the mahout (the keeper and driver of an elephant) was away and no one else could handle a situation such as this. The main character grabbed his 44 rifle and set out to find the elephant. The purpose of the gun was not to kill the elephant but to just affright it with the noise. Little did the officer know the act of grabbing the gun to just scare the elephant would lead to its demise. On the way to find the elephant the officer learned it had destroyed a garden, a bamboo hut, devoured some stock and had trampled a cow. As the officer went shape up on he found that the elephant had killed a townsman just minutes before. Now thinking that the elephant could be dangerous he asked for a larger and more powerful rifle. He only wanted the bigger gun in... ...t I had done it solely to avoid looking a fool" (685). This made me sense that he had no real remorse for the killing and that his reputation was winning out over his very own conscious. This story did fit into this particular office very well because of the portrayal of the cultural and identity aspects of life. The officer is forced to deal with and question his identity by the feelings he has when finds and kills the elephant. The culture is represented by the "coolie, yellow faces, and Buddhist" (680-685). It also fits ve ry well with the authors feelings on imperialism, because the main character states that he feels that it is an evil thing (680). In all consideration I understood why the author had to describe the slaughter of the elephant in such detail. It added to the effectiveness of the story by painting a very clear picture that the actions of the officer were wrong. His point would not have been taken so seriously if he just stated that the elephant died after many shots or in any other basic way. Overall I did enjoy the message very much and felt that it fit into the section very well, but I did not care for the way the author displayed the message.

Metaphors That Justify War :: essays research papers fc

Metaphors that Justify WarTruth UncloakedDo you think we had all the selective information that was at the Presidents disposalwhen he made the ratiocination to deploy our troops in the Gulf? Do you thinkhaving that information might have made you feel more comfortable about our interest group? Should our government decide what we get to know and what wedont? By in large, we hear exactly what our government wants us to hear.Knowing this, at no other measure paralleled in history, we want the truth wethirst for it like those traveling through the desert without water and we aretired of being manipulated and deceived by those we elect to treat our interests.However, more often than not, we settle for what is given to us. Our truth iswrapped by the media and promoted as gospel without hesitation or moralreservation. Our acceptance of and reliance upon the media for sensitive,truthful, information brings a sense of security and knowledge of world affairsthat satisfies our internal pu sh for social involvement (even if it is at thepoint of acknowledgment only). We are adroit with the knowledge because there isno discernible contradictions and seldom mind its relevancy, focalisation orcontent. Then later, a contradictory report erupts in the media and we begin toquestion even what we see. The short footage shown by the media concerning thebeating of Rodney King was out of context. Who is responsible for thedisparity? The media. They decide what we hear and see. They manipulate todramatize for the dollar. Gossip, murder, rape, political espionage, treason,drug deals, incest, wife battering, muggings, immoral behavior of all sizesshapes and volumes seem to appeal to human interest and the Networks use it tobuild their ratings while claiming they proclaim truth for all (double effect).These people and their focus gave us the Gulf War everyday, around the clock.Would it be surprising to know that the media not only reports the news theyhelp facilitate public appro val that could vindicate a war through the use ofmetaphors alone? The use of metaphors in war and everyday life is common and animportant method employed to in conclusion arrive at a position of approval formilitary action. Before the use of metaphors is discussed it is necessary tounderstand specific conditions in which any war is justified.Conditions incumbent to Justify a WarTwo specific conditions are necessary to justify war. First, directaggression against the United States, our allies, or those who are unable to nourish themselves against direct aggression.